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Climate change over the last two decades, coupled with the health crisis caused by the SARS COV-2 virus, requires central and local public authorities to involve all resources are available to preserve the health and life of the population, as well as for the protection of their material and cultural values.In addition to the fact that the Romanian Army performs support functions, it has unique capabilities whose use becomes indispensable for the management of civil emergencies.Compared to the tasks to be performed, in order to limit and eliminate the consequences caused by disasters, the military engineer structures in the Romanian Army represent the most adequate capability, by the fact that they are able to intervene in most situations. However, the military engineer capabilities must be constantly perfected and adapted so that they are able to respond to the new types of risks that may arise.

The Covid-19 pandemic has raised significant challenges for the higher education community worldwide. A particular challenge has been the urgent and unexpected request for previously face-to-face university courses to be taught online. Online teaching and learning imply a certain pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), mainly related to designing and organising for better learning experiences and creating distinctive learning environments, with the help of digital technologies. With this article, we provide some expert insights into this online-learning-related PCK, with the goal of helping non-expert university teachers (i.e. those who have little experience with online learning) to navigate in these challenging times. Our findings point at the design of learning activities with certain characteristics, the combination of three types of presence (social, cognitive and facilitatory) and the need for adapting assessment to the new learning requirements. We end with a reflection on how responding to a crisis (as best we can) may precipitate enhanced teaching and learning practices in the postdigital era.

In recent years, the world has seen both massive destruction caused by natural disasters and immense financial and physical support for the victims of these calamities. So that these natural hazards do not become manmade disasters, effective systems are required to identify needs, manage data, and help calibrate responses. If well designed, such systems can help coordinate the influx of aid to ensure the timely and efficient delivery of assistance to those who need it most. 'Data Against Natural Disasters' seeks to provide the analytical tools needed to enhance national capacity for disaster response. The editors and authors begin with an overview that summarizes key lessons learned form the six country case studies in the volume. Next, they outline the data needs that arise at different stages in the disaster response and explore the humanitarian community's efforts to discover more effective response mechanisms. The country case studies review the successes and failures of efforts to establish innovative monitoring systems in the aftermath of disasters in Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Mozambique, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. 'Data Against Natural Disasters' will be useful to policy makers and others working in port-calamity situations who are seeking to design new monitoring systems or to improve existing ones for disaster response management.

In article, the interrelation between energy parameters of Globe moving in a system Sun-Earth-Moon has been established. It includes features of a seasonal energy condition of an internal core of Earth and the key energy parameters of tectonic activity of seismically dangerous local territories of the planet. These parameters have been systematized by means of a clustering method hierarchical. The mechanism of energy influence of core Earth fluctuations on variations of axial rotation speed of the Globe and level of seismic activity has been grounded. The phenomenon of a periodic oscillation of planet condition seismic and effect of asymmetric distribution of the emergency situations (ES) of tectonic origin on the Earth's surface has been established. For the first time, ranging of the seismically fissile local territories of the Globe in the parameters determining the level of seismic activity and ranges of magnitudes was carried out. Based on these results the effect of division of the seismically fissile local territories into three main clusters that characterized by rather high, average and low degrees of seismic activity was established. Join of the ranged seismically fissile local territories of the Globe permit to establish zones with various degree of seismic activity along the section of various geophysical plates. The results received in article are a basis for further carrying out complex assessment of interrelations between key parameters of moving Globe in a system Sun-Earth-Moon and key parameters of tectonic danger of the seismically fissile local territories of Earth. It is base for further increase in effectiveness of monitoring of origin tectonic emergency by development of neural network prognostic models.

Introduction. The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology represents one of the most important areas in global scientific and technological development. Nanotechnology involves the controlled regulation of the properties of objects at the molecu lar and supramolecular level, which determine most of the fundamental parameters and properties of physical objects, based on the targeted manipulation of their atoms and molecules. In hydraulic engineering, this involves the use of nanomaterials and technologies that improve the properties of building materials and structures, increasing their durability and resistance to external influences. Methods and materials. The Novosibirsk Reservoir is a unique multi-purpose water facility. For more than 60 years, it has been intensively used for national economic purposes – it is a source of water supply, the main recreation area for residents of Novosibirsk, the Novosibirsk Region, and the Altai Territory, and is used for navigation and fisheries. There are 41 settlements located within a two-kilometer zone of the reservoir's coastal strip, including the cities of Kamen-na-Obi, Berdsk, Iskitim, and Ordynskoe. The forested coastal area is home to health resorts, cottage and dacha settlements, and gardening com munities, as well as a place for short-term recreation for the population. In this regard, the recreational load on the coastal zone of the reservoir is very high, partly due to the steepness of the banks. Various methods are used to calculate the design of shore protection hydraulic structures on water bodies, which take into account, first of all, the natural conditions and characteristics of the water body's shoreline. The results of the calculations are verified and refined on the basis of field studies and, if neces sary, laboratory tests and experiments. Results. The paper presents calculations for determining the design parameters of the structure, such as: wind surge height, wave run-up height, top elevation of the structure, scour in front of the stone bank, design composition of the stone bank, and parameters of the stone bank. Discussion. Currently, there are many varieties of nanoscale additives and nanomodified materials. The possibilities for implementing modification mechanisms are determined by the type, characteristics, and dosage of nanoscale particles. As a suggestion, the authors propose to pay attention to the use of geogrids with different cell sizes and nanomodified concretes. However, it should be noted that at present, even with a low required con tent of nanomodifying additives (2–3% of the total mass of concrete), the addition of such additives will significantly increase the cost of the material. A comparison of technical and economic indicators in this case will clearly indicate this disadvantage and, as a result, the impossibility of using this option for economic reasons. Conclusion. One of the most important criteria for assessing the prospects for the introduction of nanotechnological innovations in the construction industry is their final cost. Nanomodifiers for concrete and building mortars at a price of $100 per gram, even though their strength properties increase by 30%, are unlikely to be in demand. Most of the experts agree that nanostructuring should be applied to widely used materials, including concrete, metals, and fiber-based composites. These breakthrough technologies can be applied in many areas, includ ing hydraulic engineering, strengthening concrete foundations of gas transmission systems, creating flexible plastic geogrids, selecting and creating new high-quality fillers for them, etc. Also, thanks to new nanomaterials, it is possible to produce metal that will last an order of magnitude longer than modern samples. There are sufficient scientific developments in this area. Now it is necessary to find practical applications for them. However, this vector of development entails the need for production re equipment, staff training, and so on.

In view of the sudden increase of the demand of emergency supplies in the downstream of the emergency supply chain which is caused by the impact of emergencies, the paper proposes a coordinated emergency scheduling method because it is impossible to simply rely on the capacity of emergency supplies in the upstream of the supply chain. In this paper, we analysed the structure of the emergency collaborative supply chain system, and the nonlinear model of multi-region collaborative emergency dispatching is established is the paper. Finally, the corresponding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the key collaborative problem.

System upgrades and team members interactions lead to changes in task structure. Therefore, in order to handle emergencies efficiently and safely, a comprehensive method of the traffic dispatching team task complexity (TDTTC) is proposed based on team cognitive work analysis (Team-CWA) and network feature analysis. The method comes from the perspective of the socio-technical system. Two stages were included in this method. In the first stage, four phases of Team-CWA, i.e., team work domain analysis, team control task analysis, team strategies analysis, and team worker competencies analysis, were applied in the qualitative analysis of TDTTC. Then in the second stage, a mapping process was established based on events and information cues. After the team task network was established, the characteristic indexes of node degree/average degree, average shortest path length, agglomeration coefficient, and overall network performance for TDTTC were extracted to analyze TDTTC quantitatively. The cases of tasks for screen door fault under grade of automation GOA1–GOA4 were compared. The results revealed that the more nodes and communication between nodes, the larger the network scale was, which would lead to the TDTTC being more complicated no matter what level of automation system it was under. This method is not only the exploration of cognitive engineering theory in the field of task complexity, but also the innovation of team task complexity in the development of automatic metro operation.

Background: Major bleeding or emergency surgery are the most frequently observed emergency situations in patients anticoagulated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The restart of anticoagulation after these situations is a therapeutic dilemma. Methods: The prospective RADOA registry is an observational, noninterventional multicenter registry that documents the management of severe bleeding or emergency surgery in patients treated with VKAs or DOACs. In this substudy, we analyzed time point, type, and dosage of anticoagulant resumption after emergency situations. Results: Overall, 78 emergency surgery patients and 193 major bleeding patients were analyzed. Median age was similar in the VKA- and DOAC-treated groups (emergency surgery: 77 years, major bleeding: 79 years). Anticoagulants were restarted significantly earlier after emergency surgery compared to major bleeding, with no difference between the VKA and DOAC groups. While patients after cardiothoracic surgery received UFH intravenously, patients with trauma or having received abdominal surgery were mainly treated with prophylactic LMWH s.c.. After major bleeding, the majority of patients were treated with prophylactic LMWH. None of the patients in the emergency surgery group and 17% (4/24) of the major bleeding group with recurrent bleeding (12%, 24/193) experienced recurrent bleeding after restart of anticoagulation. Thromboembolism occurred rarely in both patient groups (emergency surgery: 3%, major bleeding 4%). Conclusions: Time points of restart, type, and dosage of anticoagulants are highly diverse in this high-risk patient population. Resumption of prophylactic anticoagulation is associated with a low risk of thrombosis and should be initiated as soon as possible.

The capacity to act as quickly as possible in the event of an emergency is a major concern for all those involved in providing first aid. Responses in due time are crucial for efficient alarm and event management. Currently, in most systems, notifications regarding alarms and events are sent to a list of recipients. The recipients can be operators, workstations, and/or formations. For a more effective response, it would be advantageous for an alarm or event to be announced to the operators, workstations, and/or the mobile formations closest to the location where the alarm or event occurred. The authors present an innovative solution—an integrated system consisting of a mobile application intended for users and a web application for dispatchers—which aims to reduce the response time and to facilitate the identification of the emergency situation. The proposed applications are validated through usability tests, the results of which demonstrate the ease of use and acceptance of the application by users and dispatchers. It is shown that this tool can have benefits at a large scale, but depends on the involvement of governmental decision-makers for implementation.

A nuclear power plant (NPP) consists of an enormous number of components with complex interconnections. Various techniques to detect sensor errors have been developed to monitor the state of the sensors during normal NPP operation, but not for emergency situations. In an emergency situation with a reactor trip, all the plant parameters undergo drastic changes following the sudden decrease in core reactivity. In this paper, a machine learning model adopting a consistency index is suggested for sensor error detection during NPP emergency situations. The proposed consistency index refers to the soundness of the sensors based on their measurement accuracy. The application of consistency index labeling makes it possible to detect sensor error immediately and specify the particular sensor where the error occurred. From a compact nuclear simulator, selected plant parameters were extracted during typical emergency situations, and artificial sensor errors were injected into the raw data. The trained system successfully generated output that gave both sensor error states and error-free states.