Explore the vast range of titles available.

Cinema is one of the most influential media of communication accessible to population, thus constituting a valuable resource for the dissemination of any kind of message. However, sometimes it can also lead to misinterpretations and a loss of veracity contemptible at all. In this paper, the plot of The Name of the Rose is analyzed from a scientific perspective, taking into account all the toxicological aspects of the poisonings that occur and framing them in their historical context, in order to clarify if the authors have remained true to reality or have opted for a more attractive fiction.

In Europe, bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide authorized for plant protection, may be applied intensively in fields to control rodents. The high level of poisoning of wildlife that follows such treatments over large areas has been frequently reported. In France, bromadiolone has been used to control water voles (Arvicola terrestris) since the 1980s. Both regulation and practices of rodent control have evolved during the last 15 years to restrict the quantity of poisoned bait used by farmers. This has led to a drastic reduction of the number of cases of poisoned wildlife reported by the French surveillance network SAGIR. During the autumn and winter 2011, favorable weather conditions and high vole densities led to the staging of several hundreds of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the Puy‐de‐Dôme department (central France). At the same time, intensive treatments with bromadiolone were performed in this area. Although no misuse has been mentioned by the authorities following controls, 28 Red Kites and 16 Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) were found dead during surveys in November and December 2011. For all these birds, poisoning by bromadiolone as the main cause of death was either confirmed or highly suspected. Other observations suggest a possible impact of bromadiolone on the breeding population of Red Kites in this area during the spring 2011. French regulation of vole control for plant protection is currently under revision, and we believe this event calls for more sustainable management of rodent outbreaks. Based on large‐scale experiments undertaken in eastern France, we propose that direct control of voles at low density (with trapping or limited chemical treatments) and mechanical destruction of vole tunnels, mole control, landscape management, and predator fostering be included in future regulation because such practices could help resolve conservation and agricultural issues. Envenenamiento No Intencional de Fauna Silvestre y Propuestas para un Manejo Sustentable de Roedores.

Introducción: la exposición al veneno de animales produce efectos clínicos, cuyas características y gravedad variarán según el animal, la cantidad de veneno inoculado y los factores del paciente. Algunas toxinas tienen la capacidad de afectar de manera directa (o a través de mecanismos indirectos) el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central, periférico o autónomo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática en bases de datos referenciales, de literatura médica y científica disponible sobre el envenenamiento por animales y sus manifestaciones neurológicas. Se recopilaron datos de casos clínicos, estudios de laboratorio, revisiones sistemáticas y revisiones de tema sobre la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estos envenenamientos. Resultados: las neurotoxinas presentes en el veneno de serpientes, escorpiones, arañas y animales marinos puede causar una variada gama de síntomas neurológicos, desde dolor localizado hasta disfunción autonómica, convulsiones, parálisis e insuficiencia respiratoria. Además, prácticamente no existen datos del comportamiento de este tipo de envenenamientos en Colombia. Discusión: la identificación temprana, el conocimiento de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes y el manejo adecuado del envenenamiento por animales son fundamentales para mejorar el pronóstico y la recuperación de los pacientes afectados. El tratamiento incluye el uso de antivenenos específicos, medidas de soporte según la naturaleza y la gravedad del envenenamiento. Conclusiones: se deben implementar líneas de investigación, entrenamiento y recursos para mejorar la capacidad de los profesionales de la salud en el abordaje integral del envenenamiento por animales, así como conocer las especies que habitan el territorio colombiano, sus toxinas y las características clínicas de su envenenamiento, con miras a mejorar el pronóstico y la recuperación de estos pacientes.

The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. Seafood Choices carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe case of occupational exposure to chemical products. Method: descriptive retrospective study using record data of 382 workers assisted in the Outpatient Care for Occupational Toxicology of the Reference Center of Workers' Health of the Federal District, between 2009 and 2013. Results: From the total, 66.7% were men, 55.2% had up to 9 years of activity and 81% did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Nearly 60% were farmers and environmental surveillance agents, exposed to pesticides (63%), of which 40% were organophosphorus insecticides. The majority (68%) presented butyrylcholinesterase activity decreased, mostly farmers (85.9%); 57.3% of workers were considered poisoned - 61.6% by pesticides and 37.9% by industrial chemicals -, and away from work for at least 10 days. Conclusion: The profile was male workers, from 30 to 39 years, which not used PPE, indicating the need for prevention together with them to prevent poisonings. RESUMEN Objetivo: describir casos de exposición ocupacional a productos químicos. Método: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo utilizando datos del prontuario de 382 trabajadores atendidos en el Ambulatorio de Toxicología Ocupacional del Centro de Referencia en Salud del Trabajador del Distrito Federal entre 2009 y 2013. Resultados: El 66,7% eran hombres, el 55,2% tenía hasta 9 años de actividad y el 81% no usaba el equipo de protección individual (EPI). Casi el 60% eran agricultores y agentes de vigilancia ambiental, expuestos a agrotóxicos (63%), de los cuales 40% insecticidas organofosforados. La mayoría (68%) presentó actividad de butirilcolinesterasa disminuida, principalmente agricultores (85,9%); el 57,3% de los trabajadores fueron considerados intoxicados, 61,6% por agrotóxicos y 37,9% por productos químicos industriales, y alejados del trabajo por lo menos 10 días. Conclusión: El perfil de los trabajadores atendidos fue de hombres, predominantemente de 30 a 39 años, que no utilizaban el EPI, indicando la necesidad de acciones de prevención junto a esa población para evitar la ocurrencia de intoxicaciones. RESUMO Objetivo: descrever casos de exposição ocupacional a produtos químicos. Método: estudo retrospectivo descritivo utilizando dados do prontuário de 382 trabalhadores atendidos no Ambulatório de Toxicologia Ocupacional do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Distrito Federal, entre 2009 e 2013. Resultados: 66,7% eram homens, 55,2% tinham até 9 anos de atividade e 81% não usavam equipamento de proteção individual (EPI). Quase 60% eram agricultores e agentes de vigilância ambiental, expostos a agrotóxicos (63%), dos quais 40% inseticidas organofosforados. A maioria (68%) apresentou atividade de butirilcolinesterase diminuída, principalmente agricultores (85,9%); 57,3% dos trabalhadores foram considerados intoxicados, 61,6% por agrotóxicos e 37,9% por produtos químicos industriais, e afastados do trabalho por pelo menos 10 dias. Conclusão: O perfil dos trabalhadores atendidos foi de homens, predominantemente de 30 a 39 anos, que não utilizavam EPI, indicando a necessidade de ações de prevenção junto a essa população para evitar a ocorrência de intoxicações.

This article presents a review describing the main mycotoxins encountered in pig feed which have a negative impact on sow fertility and reproduction. Consumption of feed that is contaminated with these mycotoxins may cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the type of mycotoxin, quantity and duration of exposure, as well as the health status and condition of the animal at the time of exposure. Two types of fungi are recognized, field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi such as Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Claviceps spp. may produce toxins that lead to disturbed reproductive performance. Storage fungi occur if the humidity during storage is too high. In daily practice, the symptoms related to mycotoxicosis can occur at toxin concentrations below the detection limit. Mycotoxins may still be present in feedstuffs despite negative analytical findings and because of the presence of hot spots in feedstuffs. Clinical symptoms can be very pronounced or vague. The main toxins causing reproductive failure discussed in this article are aflatoxins, ergot alkaloids, trichothecenes and zearalenone.

Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning. This study investigated whether heat-killed as well as live Lactobacillus protects host animal against Salmonella infection. Live and heat-killed Lactobacillusacidophilus was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks before the rats were inoculated with Salmonella. Rise in body temperature was moderate in the group that was treated with heat-killed bacteria as compared to the Salmonella control group. The mean amount of feed intake and water consumption of each rat in the heat-killed bacteria group were nearly normal. The number of fecal Salmonellae was comparable between the live and the heat-killed L. acidophilus groups. This finding shows that L. acidophilus facilitates the excretion of Salmonella. Moreover, the levels of pro inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta, in the heat-killed L. acidophilus group were significantly lower when compared to the levels in the Salmonella control group. These results indicate that nonviable lactic acid bacteria also could play an important role in preventing infections by enteric pathogens such as Salmonella.

Objective: To report the epidemiological surveillance of intoxication from sanitizers using the method of active case finding of hospital workers who experienced adverse effects. Data Synthesis: Experience report of university extension activities developed at the Center for Intoxication Control of the Regional University Hospital of Maringá in the period from 2010 to 2011. The activities focused on the application of the Surveillance-Education-Assistance triad. In all, 25 hospital workers who experienced adverse effects of sanitizers participated in the study. Data collection occurred through documentary research, analysis of monthly reports, and Notification Forms for Adverse Effects. After that, a semistructured interview was conducted with the subjects. Data were compared with the literature, and the results were presented in three moments: description of the active case finding process; exposure of the settings and implementation of the experience, and conclusive analysis of the experience. The main complaints of the interviewees were nasal congestion, burning eyes, sore throat and headache. All the workers reported using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, eight interviewees were referred to the occupational medical service and received guidance on the use of specific PPE. Five of them confirmed following the guidelines and all remained in the same job. Conclusion: The epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of adverse effects of sanitizers among workers and patients of the University Hospital of Maringá has the function to identify, analyze and prevent the adverse effects of sanitizers at the hospital and investigate the notifications Objetivo: Relatar como acontece a vigilância epidemiológica da intoxicação por saneantes utilizando o método de busca ativa de trabalhadores hospitalares que sofreram efeitos adversos. Síntese dos dados: Relato das atividades de extensão universitária desenvolvidas no Centro de Controle de Intoxicações do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá (CCI/ HUM), no período de 2010 a 2011, a partir da aplicação da tríade educação-vigilânciaassistência. Participaram do estudo 25 trabalhadores hospitalares que sofreram efeitos adversos de saneantes. A coleta de dados se deu através de pesquisa documental, análise dos relatórios mensais e fichas de notificação de efeitos adversos. Em seguida, utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com os sujeitos do estudo. Os dados foram comparados com a literatura, e os resultados, apresentados em três momentos: descrição do processo de busca ativa, exposição do cenário de concepção e execução da experiência, e análise conclusiva da experiência. As principais queixas dos trabalhadores entrevistados consistiram em congestão nasal, ardência ocular, dor na garganta e cefaleia. Com relação ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI), todos os trabalhadores referiram utilizá-los, porém, oito foram encaminhados ao serviço de medicina do trabalho e receberam orientações para utilização de EPI específico. Cinco deles confirmaram adesão às orientações e todos permaneceram na mesma função. Conclusão: A vigilância epidemiológica e sanitária de efeitos adversos de saneantes em trabalhadores e pacientes do HUM tem a função de identificar, analisar e prevenir os efeitos indesejáveis advindos do uso de saneantes no âmbito hospitalar, além de investigar as notificações. Objetivo: Relatar cómo ocurre la vigilancia epidemiológica de la intoxicación por saneantes utilizando el método de búsqueda activa de trabajadores hospitalarios que sufrieron los efectos adversos. Síntesis de datos: Relato de las actividades de extensión universitaria desarrolladas en el Centro de Control de Intoxicaciones del Hospital Universitario Regional de Maringá (CCI/HUM) en el período de 2010 y 2011 con la aplicación de la tríade educación-vigilancia-asistencia. Participaron del estudio 25 trabajadores hospitalarios que sufrieron los efectos adversos de saneantes. La recogida de datos se dio a través de una investigación documental, análisis de informes mensuales y fichas de notificación de efectos adversos. Después se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada con los sujetos del estudio. Los datos fueron comparados con la literatura y los resultados fueron presentados en tres momentos: descripción del proceso de búsqueda activa, exposición del escenario de concepción y ejecución de la experiencia y análisis conclusivo de la experiencia. Las principales quejas de los trabajadores entrevistados consistieron en congestión nasal, ardor ocular, dolor de garganta y cefalea. Respecto al uso de equipo de protección individual (EPI), todos los trabajadores refirieron su utilización, sin embargo, ocho de ellos fueron encaminados al servicio de medicina del trabajo y recibieron orientaciones sobre la utilización de EPI específico. Cinco de ellos confirmaron la adhesión de las orientaciones y todos permanecieron en la misma función. Conclusión: La vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de los efectos adversos de saneantes en trabajadores y pacientes del HUM tiene la función de identificar, analizar y prevenir los efectos indeseables del uso de saneantes en el ámbito hospitalario, además de investigar las notificaciones.

Objective: To report the epidemiological surveillance of intoxication from sanitizers using the method of active case finding of hospital workers who experienced adverse effects. Data Synthesis: Experience report of university extension activities developed at the Center for Intoxication Control of the Regional University Hospital of Maringá in the period from 2010 to 2011. The activities focused on the application of the Surveillance-Education-Assistance triad. In all, 25 hospital workers who experienced adverse effects of sanitizers participated in the study. Data collection occurred through documentary research, analysis of monthly reports, and Notification Forms for Adverse Effects. After that, a semistructured interview was conducted with the subjects. Data were compared with the literature, and the results were presented in three moments: description of the active case finding process; exposure of the settings and implementation of the experience, and conclusive analysis of the experience. The main complaints of the interviewees were nasal congestion, burning eyes, sore throat and headache. All the workers reported using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, eight interviewees were referred to the occupational medical service and received guidance on the use of specific PPE. Five of them confirmed following the guidelines and all remained in the same job. Conclusion: The epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of adverse effects of sanitizers among workers and patients of the University Hospital of Maringá has the function to identify, analyze and prevent the adverse effects of sanitizers at the hospital and investigate the notifications Objetivo: Relatar como acontece a vigilância epidemiológica da intoxicação por saneantes utilizando o método de busca ativa de trabalhadores hospitalares que sofreram efeitos adversos. Síntese dos dados: Relato das atividades de extensão universitária desenvolvidas no Centro de Controle de Intoxicações do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá (CCI/ HUM), no período de 2010 a 2011, a partir da aplicação da tríade educação-vigilânciaassistência. Participaram do estudo 25 trabalhadores hospitalares que sofreram efeitos adversos de saneantes. A coleta de dados se deu através de pesquisa documental, análise dos relatórios mensais e fichas de notificação de efeitos adversos. Em seguida, utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com os sujeitos do estudo. Os dados foram comparados com a literatura, e os resultados, apresentados em três momentos: descrição do processo de busca ativa, exposição do cenário de concepção e execução da experiência, e análise conclusiva da experiência. As principais queixas dos trabalhadores entrevistados consistiram em congestão nasal, ardência ocular, dor na garganta e cefaleia. Com relação ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI), todos os trabalhadores referiram utilizá-los, porém, oito foram encaminhados ao serviço de medicina do trabalho e receberam orientações para utilização de EPI específico. Cinco deles confirmaram adesão às orientações e todos permaneceram na mesma função. Conclusão: A vigilância epidemiológica e sanitária de efeitos adversos de saneantes em trabalhadores e pacientes do HUM tem a função de identificar, analisar e prevenir os efeitos indesejáveis advindos do uso de saneantes no âmbito hospitalar, além de investigar as notificações. Objetivo: Relatar cómo ocurre la vigilancia epidemiológica de la intoxicación por saneantes utilizando el método de búsqueda activa de trabajadores hospitalarios que sufrieron los efectos adversos. Síntesis de datos: Relato de las actividades de extensión universitaria desarrolladas en el Centro de Control de Intoxicaciones del Hospital Universitario Regional de Maringá (CCI/HUM) en el período de 2010 y 2011 con la aplicación de la tríade educación-vigilancia-asistencia. Participaron del estudio 25 trabajadores hospitalarios que sufrieron los efectos adversos de saneantes. La recogida de datos se dio a través de una investigación documental, análisis de informes mensuales y fichas de notificación de efectos adversos. Después se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada con los sujetos del estudio. Los datos fueron comparados con la literatura y los resultados fueron presentados en tres momentos: descripción del proceso de búsqueda activa, exposición del escenario de concepción y ejecución de la experiencia y análisis conclusivo de la experiencia. Las principales quejas de los trabajadores entrevistados consistieron en congestión nasal, ardor ocular, dolor de garganta y cefalea. Respecto al uso de equipo de protección individual (EPI), todos los trabajadores refirieron su utilización, sin embargo, ocho de ellos fueron encaminados al servicio de medicina del trabajo y recibieron orientaciones sobre la utilización de EPI específico. Cinco de ellos confirmaron la adhesión de las orientaciones y todos permanecieron en la misma función. Conclusión: La vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de los efectos adversos de saneantes en trabajadores y pacientes del HUM tiene la función de identificar, analizar y prevenir los efectos indeseables del uso de saneantes en el ámbito hospitalario, además de investigar las notificaciones.

Background. In September 1994, the Minnesota Department of Health detected an increase in the number of reports of Salmonella enteritidis infections. After a case-control study implicated a nationally distributed brand of ice cream (Schwan's) in the outbreak, the product was recalled and further epidemiologic and microbiologic investigations were conducted. Methods. We defined an outbreak-associated case of S. enteritidis infection as one in which S. enteritidis was cultured from a person who became ill in September or October 1994. We established national surveillance and surveyed customers of the implicated manufacturer. The steps involved in the manufacture of ice cream associated with cases of S. enteritidis infection were compared with those of products not known to be associated with infection matched for the date of manufacture. Cultures for bacteria were obtained from ice cream samples, the ice cream plant, and tanker trailers that had transported the ice cream base (premix) to the plant. Results. We estimate that S. enteritidis gastroenteritis developed in 224,000 persons in the United States after they ate Schwan's ice cream. The attack rate for consumers was 6.6 percent. Ice cream associated with infection contained a higher percentage of premix that had been transported by tanker trailers that had carried nonpasteurized eggs immediately before (P=0.02). S. enteritidis was isolated from 8 of 266 ice cream products (3 percent), but not from environmental samples obtained from the ice cream plant (n= 157) or tanker trailers (n=204). Conclusions. This nationwide outbreak of salmonellosis was most likely the result of contamination of pasteurized ice cream premix during transport in tanker trailers that had previously carried nonpasteurized liquid eggs containing S. enteritidis. To prevent further outbreaks, food products not destined for repasteurization should be transported in dedicated containers