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Background Quantitative-estimates of risk tolerance can be useful for both regulatory and individualized clinical decision-making. However, little is known about how sample-level and individual-level measures of risk tolerance compare across preference-elicitation methods. Using a survey instrument designed for this purpose, we evaluated the convergent validity of sample-level estimates of maximum- acceptable risk (MAR) from a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) and a threshold technique (TT) exercise. Methods Patients with lower-limb intermittent claudication (IC) completed an online survey designed to elicit benefit risk tradeoffs between devices with varying risks of a repeat revascularization procedure and risks of death, both at 2 and 5 years. A 292 factorial design randomized patients to complete the DCE or TT first and to risk levels shown with or without icon arrays. The fixed level of benefit offered in the TT exercise was a reduction in the risk of a repeat procedure from 30% to 10% by 2 years, and from 40% to 30% by 5 years. Risk of death by 5 years with both decide options began at 8%, and increased by 2 percentage points (up to 20%) for the more effective device until the patient chose the less effective device. The TT directly provided lower bound risk-tolerance values. Interval regression also was applied to TT data to estimate sample-level MARs. MARs from the DCE were calculated with a random-parameters logit (RPL) model using the sample level distributions from benefits and risks of devices from which individual-level estimates were derived and truncated at 8% and 20%. Results Seven US medical centres recruited 272 patients with IC to complete the survey. Mean age was 70 years (SD = 10.1), 68% were male, and 92% were White. Sample-level MARs from the TT were 12.9% (95% CI 12.413.04) using direct responses and 14.1% (95% CI 13.514.6) with interval regression compared to 12.7% (95%CI 11.913.6) from the DCE. Individual-level MARs different between the ITT and DCE by less than 2 percentage-points for 53% of patients. The mean absolute difference between patients DCE and TT MARs was 2.5 (SD = 2.4). Results were consistent across versions with or without icon arrays. Conclusions Group-level mean MARs from the DCE and TT (direct response) were very similar. At the individual level, however, differences in MARs between the DCE and TT were observed. Uncertainty associated with individual-level estimates from the RPL mat contribute to individual-level differences.

In this paper, we introduce and investigate some new subclasses Sγn,q(λ,m,ϕ) and Wxk,α(λ,δ,ϕ) of bi-univalent functions in the unit disk U, which satisfies the qusi-subordination condition. We obtain estimates the first two Taylor-Maclarurin coefficients |a2| and |a3|.

Abstract Symptoms of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be early indicators of possible future dementia. Estimates of self-reported SCD prevalence are available from various data sources including the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s (BRFSS) current Cognitive Decline Optional Module. Recent revisions to the Module were proposed based on input from subject matter experts, including reducing introductory phrasing and refining question and response options. It is unknown how these changes may impact estimates of SCD prevalence. To assess whether prevalence of SCD differs based on Module phrasing and conceptualizations of SCD-related questions, this analysis used data (n=3526) from the 2022 FallStyles survey. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving different sets of Module questions: group A received questions mirroring the former language and group B received the revised phrasing. Estimates were weighted to match the 2021 US Current Population Survey. SCD prevalence among respondents aged ≥18 years was 8.9% in group A versus 16.9% in group B. Among adults aged ≥45 years, SCD prevalence in group A (9.3%) was similar to the 2019-2020 BRFSS estimate (9.8%), while it was nearly double (17.6%) in group B. Within both groups, SCD prevalence was higher among those earning less than $25,000, with lower educational attainment, and who identified as female than their counterparts. Simplified prompts and refined questions may provide higher estimates of SCD prevalence. Given the subjective interpretation of respondents’ own memory changes involved in measuring SCD, understanding the impact of question phrasing and language is critical when interpreting resulting data.

In this paper, we show that for each k∈Z+,p>4, there exists a solution operator Tk to the ∂¯ problem on the Hartogs triangle that maintains the same Wk,p regularity as that of the data. According to a Kerzman-type example, this operator provides solutions with the optimal Sobolev regularity.

In a randomized trial involving patients who had a first stroke from an embolus of unknown source, rivaroxaban at a daily dose of 15 mg did not result in a lower incidence of recurrent stroke than aspirin at a dose of 100 mg. Bleeding rates were higher with rivaroxaban.

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) We give a characterization of a variation of constants type estimate relating two positive semigroups on (possibly different) ...-spaces to one another in terms of corresponding estimates for the respective generators and of estimates for the respective resolvents. The results have applications to kernel estimates for semigroups induced by accretive and non-local forms on ...-finite measure spaces.

The ALK inhibitor crizotinib as first-line therapy was associated with a significantly better response rate, longer progression-free survival, and greater improvement in quality of life measures than standard chemotherapy in patients with ALK -positive lung cancer. Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) gene are present in 3 to 5% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). 1 , 2 They define a distinct subgroup of NSCLC that typically occurs in younger patients who have never smoked or have a history of light smoking and that has adenocarcinoma histologic characteristics. 3 – 5 Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK, MET, and ROS1 kinases. 6 In phase 1 and 2 studies, crizotinib treatment resulted in objective tumor responses in approximately 60% of patients with ALK -positive NSCLC and in progression-free survival of 7 to 10 months. 7 – 9 In . . .

In this paper we prove that a strictly convex Alexandrov solution u of the Monge-Ampere equation, with right-hand side bounded away from zero and infinity, is $W2,1}_{\\mathrm{loc}}$. This is obtained by showing higher integrability a priori estimates for D super(2) u, namely D super(2) uLlog super( )kL for any k.

PurposeThis article aims to develop procedures for estimation and prediction in case of Type-I hybrid censored samples drawn from a two-parameter generalized half-logistic distribution (GHLD).Design/methodology/approachThe GHLD is a versatile model which is useful in lifetime modelling. Also, hybrid censoring is a time and cost-effective censoring scheme which is widely used in the literature. The authors derive the maximum likelihood estimates, the maximum product of spacing estimates and Bayes estimates with squared error loss function for the unknown parameters, reliability function and stress-strength reliability. The Bayesian estimation is performed under an informative prior set-up using the “importance sampling technique”. Afterwards, we discuss the Bayesian prediction problem under one and two-sample frameworks and obtain the predictive estimates and intervals with corresponding average interval lengths. Applications of the developed theory are illustrated with the help of two real data sets.FindingsThe performances of these estimates and prediction methods are examined under Type-I hybrid censoring scheme with different combinations of sample sizes and time points using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The simulation results show that the developed estimates are quite satisfactory. Bayes estimates and predictive intervals estimate the reliability characteristics efficiently.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology may be used to estimate future observations when the available data are Type-I hybrid censored. This study would help in estimating and predicting the mission time as well as stress-strength reliability when the data are censored.