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Advances and Challenges in Microphytobenthos Research: From Cell Biology to Coastal Ecosystem Function
The microphytobenthos are fascinating communities of microalgae and cyanobacteria that inhabit aquatic benthic habitats. The apparently barren intertidal landscapes of estuaries are in fact a 'secret garden', harboring an immense microbial diversity and intense photosynthetic and biogeochemical activity. On the intertidal flats of estuaries and beneath shallow coastal waters, the microphytobenthos are dominated by pennate diatoms, the most recent and diverse group of these important Protists.Microphytobenthos have mostly been studied in temperate estuaries, but they have a widespread distribution from polar regions to the tropics. Over the last decades, the microphytobenthos have attracted considerable interest mainly due to their role as a main contributor to the productivity of estuarine and shallow coastal areas. With a global annual gross primary production estimated to be in the order of 500 million tons of carbon, these ecosystems can be responsible for up to 20% of the ocean GPP although occupying only 0.03% of the ocean surface area. For estuarine ecosystems, they have been estimated to reach productivity rates comparable to those of the phytoplankton, and can provide up to 50% of total ecosystem-level carbon fixation.Best known for their high photosynthetic activity and carbon fixation, microphytobenthos have received an increasing interest in recent years, on multiple and apparently disparate disciplines such as photonics, photophysiology, community ecology, biogeochemistry, microbiology, evolutionary science, remote sensing and molecular biology. Some of the specific current interests in MPB include diatom-bacteria interactions, cell motility and behavior, endogenous rhythms, nutrient cycling, primary productivity, carbon capture (`blue carbon'), extracellular polymeric substances production, and sediment biostabilization.This Research Topic aims to bring together contributions on microphytobenthos research, updating current knowledge and uncovering exciting future directions of strategic value and ultimately linking the particular traits of the cell biology of pennate diatoms to emerging properties observed at the community and ecosystem-level. We welcome manuscripts reporting original research, mini-reviews or opinion on this broad topic. Papers covering new methods and approaches are also welcomed.
Journal Article
Salish Archipelago
The Salish Archipelago includes more than 400 islands in the Salish Sea, an amalgamation of Canada's Georgia Strait, the United States’ Puget Sound, and the shared Strait of Juan de Fuca. The Salish Sea and Islands are named for the Coast Salish Indigenous Peoples whose homelands extend across the region. Holiday homes and services have in many places displaced pristine ecosystems, Indigenous communities, and historic farms. Will age-old island environments and communities withstand the forces of commodity-driven economies? This new, major scholarly undertaking provides the geographical and historical background for exploring such questions. Salish Archipelago features sections on environment, history, society, and management, accompanied by numerous maps and other illustrations. This diverse collection offers an overview of an embattled, but resilient, region, providing knowledge and perspectives of interest to residents, educators, and policy makers.
eBook
The Geopolitics of Green Colonialism
The time for denial is over. Across the Global North, the question of how we should respond to the climate crisis has been answered: with a shift to renewables, electric cars, carbon trading and hydrogen. Green New Deals across Europe and North America promise to reduce emissions while creating new jobs.
But beneath the sustainability branding, these climate 'solutions' are leading to new environmental injustices and green colonialism. The green growth and clean energy plans of the Global North require the large-scale extraction of strategic minerals from the Global South. The geopolitics of transition imply sacrificing not only territories, but truly sustainable ways of inhabiting this world. A new subordination in the global energy economy prevents societies in the South from developing sovereign strategies to foster a dignified life.
This book provides a platform for the voices that have been conspicuously absent in debates around energy and climate in the Global North. Drawing on case studies from across the Global South, the authors offer incisive critiques of green colonialism in its material, political and symbolic dimensions, discuss the multiple entanglements that forcefully connect the transitions of different world regions in a globalised economy, and explore alternative pathways toward a liveable and globally just future for all.
eBook
Introduction to Microfossil Biostratigraphy
This textbook will appeal to students and graduates making their first steps in the application of both microfossils and stratigraphy. It presents, in detail, the historical development of microfossil biostratigraphy, from its birth to the emergence of sequence stratigraphy, including its roots in classical biostratigraphy. The interplay between the academic and economical challenges, on one hand, and developments in microfossil biostratigraphy, on the other, is explored thoroughly. The book also presents an introduction to the scientific concepts used in microfossil biostratigraphy practice, and the uses in microbiostratigraphy of 25 groups of microfossils, such as algae, protistans, reproductive plant debris, invertebrates, chordates and vertebrates, and microproblematica groups. It also provides a numerical method to calculate the biostratigraphical resolution of these microfossil groups.
eBook
Come Hell or High Fever
Nations appear and fall, but cities endure and rediscover how to succeed. In this meticulously defined and researched book, Glenn presents ideas for minimising suffering during urban catastrophes. His urgency identifies risks held in urban areas by 3.5 billion people. These people are many of us: as urban populations occupying 3 per cent of our planet's land area, drawing water from 41 per cent of the world’s ground surface, consuming 60 to 80 per cent of global energy and achieving 80 per cent of the world’s economic productivity. For Glenn, our resilience—through diversity in preparation, survival and recovery—includes comprehensive approaches that are sustained in duration, orchestrated in bringing all necessary capabilities to bear, layered in approach and early in application.’ —Major General Chris Field, Australian Army ‘The time to prepare for the inevitable is now. Dr Glenn has written a book that should be read by all leaders, planners and responders who may be called upon in an urban disaster, whether natural or man-made. Military leaders should give it particular attention, as the human race is increasingly concentrated in its cities. Understanding how to wage war in dense urban terrain is essential, especially if a nation also seeks to hold the moral high ground. The fruits of any victory won among people that fails to consider the lessons in Come Hell or High Fever are likely to be very bitter.’ —Lieutenant General Sean MacFarland, United States Army (retired)
eBook
Nestwork
As more and more species fall under the threat of extinction, humans are not only taking action to protect critical habitats but are also engaging more directly with species to help mitigate their decline. Through innovative infrastructure design and by changing how we live, humans are becoming more attuned to nonhuman animals and are making efforts to live alongside them.Examining sites of loss, temporal orientations, and infrastructural mitigations, Nestwork blends rhetorical and posthuman sensibilities in service of ecological care. In this innovative ethnographic study, rhetorician Jennifer Clary-Lemon examines human-nonhuman animal interactions, identifying forms of communication between species and within their material world. Looking in particular at nonhuman species that depend on human development for their habitat, Clary-Lemon examines the cases of the barn swallow, chimney swift, and bobolink. She studies their habitats along with the unique mitigation efforts taken by humans to maintain those habitats, including building “barn swallow gazebos\" and artificial chimneys and altering farming practices to allow for nesting and breeding. What she reveals are fascinating forms of rhetoric not expressed through language but circulating between species and materials objects.Nestwork explores what are in essence nonlinguistic and decidedly nonhuman arguments within these local environments. Drawing on new materialist and Indigenous ontologies, the book helps attune our senses to the tragedy of species decline and to a new understanding of home and homemaking.
eBook
The Joint Arctic Weather Stations
This is the first systematic account of the Joint Arctic Weather
Stations (JAWS), a collaborative science program between Canada and
the United States that created a distinctive state presence in the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1946-1972. These five
meteorological stations, constructed at Eureka, Resolute, Isachsen,
Mould Bay, and Alert, became remote hubs for science and
sovereignty, revealing the possibilities and limits of modernity in
the High Arctic.
Drawing on extensive archival evidence, unpublished personal
memoirs, and interviews with former JAWS personnel, this book
systematically analyzes the diplomatic, scientific, social,
environmental, and civil-military dimensions of this binational
program. From the corridors of power in Washington and Ottawa to
everyday life at the small outposts, The Joint Arctic Weather
Stations explores delicate statecraft, changing scientific
practices, as well as the distinctive station cultures that emerged
as humans coped with isolation in polar environments.
eBook
Emancipatory Feminism in the Time of Covid-19
The Covid-19 pandemic threw into stark relief the multi-dimensional threats created by neoliberal capitalism. Government measures to alleviate the crisis were largely inadequate, leaving women – in particular working-class women – to carry the increased burden of care work while at the same time placing themselves in direct risk as frontline workers. Emancipatory Feminism in the Time of Covid-19, the seventh volume in the Democratic Marxism series, explores how many subaltern women – working class, peasant and indigenous – challenge hegemonic neoliberal feminism through their resistance to ordinary capitalist practices and ecological extractivism. Contributors cover women’s responses in a wide range of contexts: from women leading the defence of Rojava – the Kurdish region of Syria, to approaches to anti-capitalist ecology and building food secure pathways in communities across Africa, to championing climate justice in mining affected communities and transforming gender divisions in mining labour practices in South Africa, to contesting macro-economic policies affecting the working conditions of nurses. Their practices demonstrate a feminist understanding of the current systemic crises of capitalism and patriarchal oppression. What is offered in this collection is a subaltern women’s grassroots resistance focused on advancing and enabling solidarity-based political projects, deepening democracy, building capacities and alliances to advance new feminist alternatives.
eBook
Guide pratique de l'irrigation (4e édition)
The context of climate change and agroecological transition reinforces the need for water conservation in agriculture. Irrigation is the subject of much debate regarding improvements in its technological, agronomic and environmental performance. It represents one of the means of adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change. In order for it to fully play this role, while taking into account the sustainability of aquatic environments and water and energy resources, a better understanding of existing equipment, tools and their use is necessary. The fourth edition of this practical guide presents the basic concepts of hydraulics, pumping stations and different irrigation techniques (sprinkler, localised, surface) and illustrates the efficiency of irrigation in terms of water and energy. It also offers up-to-date tools for analysis and decision-making in irrigation management and operation (from the regional level down to te plot level). Numerous links to digital content such as hydraulic calculators and concrete case studies complete the package. This publication was produced under the coordination of AFEID (French Association for Water, Irrigation and Drainage), in close collaboration with research and development organisations and technical institutes. It is intended for those involved in irrigation and water management, including farmers, development advisers, engineers and technicians.
eBook