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"Eavesdropping"
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Casebook : a novel
\"A novel about an eavesdropping boy working to discover the obscure mysteries of his unraveling family. He uncovers instead what he least wants to know: the workings of his parents' private lives. And even then he can't stop snooping\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Indefinite Quantum Key Agreement code involving a third party extendable to several participants
Quantum Key Agreement (QKA) is a current research topic within quantum cryptography where two or more parties collaboratively generate a shared secret key, commonly without individual full control of it. This work proposes a QKA method involving a third party other than the transmitter and receiver. Based on an initial BB84 procedure as in the EBB84 protocol, participants create an indefinite key, which becomes strong against multiple intercept-resend attacks. The process does not need decoy photons as in many other QKA protocols. Security improvements against eavesdropping are observed as compared with the BB84 protocol. The proposal could be designed to reach eavesdropping failure probabilities of 5 16 on average and fidelities lower than 1 4 for the modified state during the attack. The simplicity of the proposed protocol allows its implementation for more than two participants with current technology for the protection of information. Overall, it gives an understanding of the process used to share secured information between several parties without a previous agreement.
Journal Article
Lucy Rose : busy like you can't believe
Now in fourth grade, palindrome-enthusiast Lucy Rose learns about the perils of eavesdropping while also confiding in her diary her worries that her recently divorced mother is beginning to date.
Book
Development of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with E91 Protocol for Future Secure Quantum Networks
This paper investigates practical performances of the Ekert 91 protocol (E91) for future secure quantum networks. To seek future possible improvement, we investigate the important different principles of E91 and Bennet-Brasard (BB84) protocols. We perform a series of computer simulations to evaluate the performances of them and investigate the practical parameters. Furthermore, we simulate the E91 protocol using real-world practical scenarios involving eavesdropping and quantum channel errors. We present two scenarios: (1) the performance with eavesdropper interception under a perfect channel and (2) the performances with eavesdropper interception combined with channel errors. We found that: (i) the E91 protocol produces fewer keys compared to the BB84 protocol but does not require verification between two parties, (ii) the E91 protocol enhances security due to the utilization of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) inequality, and (iii) both eavesdropper and channel errors can impact the less production of keys obtained during the keys production.
Journal Article
Phase-Matching Quantum Key Distribution
Quantum key distribution allows remote parties to generate information-theoretic secure keys. The bottleneck throttling its real-life applications lies in the limited communication distance and key generation speed, due to the fact that the information carrier can be easily lost in the channel. For all the current implementations, the key rate is bounded by the channel transmission probabilityη. Rather surprisingly, by matching the phases of two coherent states and encoding the key information into the common phase, this linear key-rate constraint can be overcome—the secure key rate scales with the square root of the transmission probabilityO(η) , as proposed in twin-field quantum key distribution [M. Lucamarini et al. Overcoming the Rate–Distance Limit of Quantum Key Distribution without Quantum Repeaters, Nature (London) 557, 400 (2018)]. To achieve this, we develop an optical-mode-based security proof that is different from the conventional qubit-based security proofs. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is measurement device independent; i.e., it is immune to all possible detection attacks. The simulation result shows that the key rate can even exceed the transmission probabilityηbetween two communication parties. In addition, we apply phase postcompensation to devise a practical version of the scheme without phase locking, which makes the proposed scheme feasible with the current technology. This means that quantum key distribution can enjoy both sides of the world—practicality and security.
Journal Article
Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell's theorem
Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on computational conjectures such as the hardness of prime factorization
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to provide security against eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, quantum key distribution protocols such as the Bennett–Brassard scheme
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provide information-theoretic security against such attacks, a much stronger form of security unreachable by classical means. However, quantum protocols realized so far are subject to a new class of attacks exploiting a mismatch between the quantum states or measurements implemented and their theoretical modelling, as demonstrated in numerous experiments
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–
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. Here we present the experimental realization of a complete quantum key distribution protocol immune to these vulnerabilities, following Ekert’s pioneering proposal
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to use entanglement to bound an adversary’s information from Bell’s theorem
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. By combining theoretical developments with an improved optical fibre link generating entanglement between two trapped-ion qubits, we obtain 95,628 key bits with device-independent security
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–
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from 1.5 million Bell pairs created during eight hours of run time. We take steps to ensure that information on the measurement results is inaccessible to an eavesdropper. These measurements are performed without space-like separation. Our result shows that provably secure cryptography under general assumptions is possible with real-world devices, and paves the way for further quantum information applications based on the device-independence principle.
This study demonstrates the experimental realization of a complete protocol for quantum key distribution using entangled trapped strontium ions with device-independent quantum security guarantees.
Journal Article
Enhancement of Security of Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol using RSA Cryptography
Cryptography is related and referred to as the secured transmission of messages amongst the sender and the intended receiver by ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Diffie – Hellman (DH) key exchange protocol is a well-known algorithm that would generate a shared secret key among the sender and the intended receiver, and the basis of cryptosystems for using public and private key for encryption and decryption process. But it is severely affected by the Man in the Middle (MITM) attack that would intercept and manipulate thus eavesdropping the shared secret key. This paper proposes a model of integrating the public-key RSA cryptography system with the DH key exchange to prevent the MITM attack. The performance of the proposed work has been compared to the DH Key Exchange algorithm as well as RSA Cryptosystem to conclude for effectiveness of the proposed model.
Journal Article
Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution over Untrustful Metropolitan Network
Quantum cryptography holds the promise to establish an information-theoretically secure global network. All field tests of metropolitan-scale quantum networks to date are based on trusted relays. The security critically relies on the accountability of the trusted relays, which will break down if the relay is dishonest or compromised. Here, we construct a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) network in a star topology over a 200-square-kilometer metropolitan area, which is secure against untrustful relays and against all detection attacks. In the field test, our system continuously runs through one week with a secure key rate 10 times larger than previous results. Our results demonstrate that the MDIQKD network, combining the best of both worlds—security and practicality, constitutes an appealing solution to secure metropolitan communications.
Journal Article
Resource Theory of Quantum Memories and Their Faithful Verification with Minimal Assumptions
We provide a complete set of game-theoretic conditions equivalent to the existence of a transformation from one quantum channel into another one, by means of classically correlated preprocessing and postprocessing maps only. Such conditions naturally induce tests to certify that a quantum memory is capable of storing quantum information, as opposed to memories that can be simulated by measurement and state preparation (corresponding to entanglement-breaking channels). These results are formulated as a resource theory of genuine quantum memories (correlated in time), mirroring the resource theory of entanglement in quantum states (correlated spatially). As the set of conditions is complete, the corresponding tests are faithful, in the sense that any non-entanglement-breaking channel can be certified. Moreover, they only require the assumption of trusted inputs, known to be unavoidable for quantum channel verification. As such, the tests we propose are intrinsically different from the usual process tomography, for which the probes of both the input and the output of the channel must be trusted. An explicit construction is provided and shown to be experimentally realizable, even in the presence of arbitrarily strong losses in the memory or detectors.
Journal Article