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"Ecocriticism Developing countries."
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Ecocriticism of the global south (Ecocritical theory and practice)
The vast majority of existing ecocritical studies, even those which espouse the \"postcolonial ecocritical\" perspective, operate within a first-world sensibility, speaking on behalf of subalternized human communities and degraded landscapes without actually eliciting the voices of the impacted communities.
eBook
The Disposition of Nature
Shortlisted, 2020 ASAP Book Prize
How do literature and other cultural forms shape how we imagine the planet, for better or worse? In this rich, original, and long awaited book, Jennifer Wenzel tackles the formal innovations, rhetorical appeals, and sociological imbrications of world literature that might help us confront unevenly distributed environmental crises, including global warming.
The Disposition of Nature argues that assumptions about what nature is are at stake in conflicts over how it is inhabited or used . Both environmental discourse and world literature scholarship tend to confuse parts and wholes. Working with writing and film from Africa, South Asia, and beyond, Wenzel takes a contrapuntal approach to sites and subjects dispersed across space and time. Reading for the planet, Wenzel shows, means reading from near to there: across experiential divides, between specific sites, at more than one scale.
Impressive in its disciplinary breadth, Wenzel’s book fuses insights from political ecology, geography, anthropology, history, and law, while drawing on active debates between postcolonial theory and world literature, as well as scholarship on the Anthropocene and the material turn. In doing so, the book shows the importance of the literary to environmental thought and practice, elaborating how a supple understanding of cultural imagination and narrative logics can foster more robust accounts of global inequality and energize movements for justice and livable futures.
eBook
The Pattern of Land-Grabbing Practice in Year of the Weeds Novel by Siddhartha Sarma
Environmental issues are increasingly worrying, some of which are in the form of deforestation and land degradation caused by the conversion of forest functions into mining. This study describes the practice of forest land-grabbing by the government in corporations with companies to be used for mining. The data source is Year of the Weeds novel by Siddhartha Sarma. Then, it was analyzed using document analysis techniques with the following stages: unitizing, sampling, recording, reducing, inferring, and narrating. The data validation used an ecocritical approach with primary and secondary references in the form of relevant research articles, books, and information in the media. The findings revealed a pattern of land grabbing practices in the form of government-company cooperation; surveying, measuring, and setting stakes; offering compensation and employment; changing the regulation on the function of the area; involvement of the apparatus and violence; land acquisition experts; and the issue of the involvement of radical groups; and arresting residents. Several developing countries, including India, Indonesia, and Brazil, engage in confiscation with the same practice pattern. This pattern of practice, if carried out continuously, will cause environmental crises.
Journal Article
Climate Fiction as Future‐Making: Narrative and Cultural Modelling Beyond Representation
Climate fiction (cli‐fi) increasingly attracts the attention of wider publics and expert science communities. And yet, critiques of its limits and the limits of its efficiency as a tool of persuading broader readerships are also becoming more frequent. This article draws on such critiques and discussions of the limits of representing climate change and related crises. We argue that, first, a focus on the representational capacity of fiction occludes other, equally important, functions of fiction. Second, we aver that such a focus insufficiently reflects on its own didactic bias that leads critics to endorse or even instrumentalize literary narrative for the seemingly obvious good cause of educating or mobilizing readers. The article suggests shifting the focus from mere issues of representation to questions of the effect and impact of reading in the wider conceptual context of climate imaginaries, defined as a shared set of beliefs, practices and norms, that define the scope of individual and collective future‐thinking. It aims to develop a better understanding of the potential links between future‐making and fiction and employs insights from model theory and theories and practices of (climate) modelling—the dominant, authoritative form of future‐making in many disciplines, especially the natural sciences—to propose that cli‐fi can be seen as an important alternative future‐making tool when it is recognized as a form of cultural modelling. This allows us to acknowledge that cli‐fi is a future‐making technology directly impacting climate imaginaries, as the article will show through exemplary readings of two case studies, Jessie Greengrass's novel The High House (2021) and Rory Mullarkey's play Flood (premiered 2018).
Journal Article
POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVES ON HAWAII AND INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAHELE O MAUI AND LEMAH TANJUNG
This paper critiques the impact of development and the Anthropocentric mindset on postcolonial landscapes in Hawaii and Indonesia, focusing on the novels Mahele о Maui and Lemah Tanjung. The narratives represents the far-reaching consequences of modernization, deforestation, and loss of green areas, leading to a longing for traditional sustainable lifestyles. Nakkim and Ibrahim contextualize the differing historicity of Hawaii/Indonesia concerning the issue of indigeneity, sovereignty, and political aspirations. While Hawaii's history is marked by settler colonialism and the struggle for Indigenous self-determination, Indonesia's postcolonial condition is shaped by internal political and economic transformations that have affected local communities differently. The analysis highlights shared themes of critique towards development and Anthropocentrism, as well as the distinct elements of Native Hawaiian Indigenous resistance (Aloha' Aina) and dialectics of land ownership portrayed in each novel. This comparative study of Indonesia/Hawaii emphasizes how two distinctive literary traditions criticize the impact of Western Anthropocentrism through agency and resistance.
Journal Article
Ecocritical Post Colonialism and Plantationocene: A Comparative Study of Sky Is My Father by Easterine Kire and Aranyak by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
Sky Is My Father is a historical novel by Easterine Kire who writes about the life of Naga indigenous people living amidst naturally rich mountain scape and forced recruitment of Naga tribesmen as bonded labourers by the British which tribal warriors of the Angami tribe try to resist against. Their fight is the collective fight of their community to save the land which they are deeply connected to from British invasion and subjugation. Britain’s colonization of the third world countries have always brought with it deforestation and disruption of habitat of indigenous people and native plant species. Similarly, Bibhutibhushan’s Aranyak is a novel on Satyacharan’s predicament in the pristine jungles of Bhagalpur where he is posted. His guilt comes from the job he is sent there to do which is to cut down the forest that is not only important to the native community there but to him as well. Capitalocene and Plantationocene as Donna Haraway defines is a contemporary epoch which has its roots in European Imperialism. This imperial legacy of rampant exploitation and destruction of environment which is singlehandedly a contribution of Britain’s colonial rule includes subjugation of indigenous people into forced labour along with destruction of forest spaces for resource extraction. What entails as a result is postcolonial trauma within native psyche. Post colonial literatures coming out of South Asia like Sky Is My Father and Aranyak essentially discusses Britain’s expansion, coercive policies and their after effect on the native people of India in relation to the ecological disruption around them.
Journal Article
Ecofeminist Concerns and Subaltern Perspectives on 'Third World' Indigenous Women: A Study of Selected Works of Mahasweta Devi
The lives of Aboriginals, as an indigenous form of a subaltern identity, have been less documented in narratives so far. Indigenous subaltern identity forms an alter-identity in which indigenous women's identity is even more silenced in the social order of gender hierarchy. Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva in their book Ecofeminism locate the \"Third World Woman\" (in India) as a stakeholder of indigenous identity. The knowledge of Third World women in nurturing biodiversity drastically differs from both the Androcentric and Eurocentric models of bio-conservation. Indigenous women and the indigenous flora are both objects of genocidal violence, identity dissolution, and cultural extinction as their contribution to conservation is not recognized. As Gayatri Spivak in her seminal book Can the Subaltern Speak? voices, \"The subaltern has no history and cannot speak, the subaltern as female is even more deeply in the shadow.\" Mahasweta Devi, renowned Indian author and social activist, portrays the marginalized Indigenous and their struggle for survival. The Indigenous are dispossessed and the indigenous women are even more displaced. Indigenous women characters of Devi's selected works such as The Book of the Hunter and The Witch, belonging to the Shabar, Santal, Oraon, and Munda tribal communities, live in tune with ethnocentric ecological order. They are the forest dwellers who think of the forest as a unique bio-habitat in harmony with women, thereby preserving Mother Nature.
Journal Article
Ecocriticism Course: Development of English Pre-service Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Sustainability
To address a paucity of knowledge on a way to enhance pedagogical content knowledge of sustainability (PCKS), the authors of the study developed an ecocriticism course and investigated its impact on English pre-service teachers' PCKS. A mixed-method convergent research design was employed. Forty-seven pre-service English teachers at one of the English education departments in Indonesia joined the course and received a pre- and post-questionnaire survey of PCKS. They were also required to generate English instructional ideas related to environmental sustainability at the end of the course in the open-ended questionnaire. The survey and open-ended questionnaire data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and content analysis. The results informed that the English pre-service teachers' PCKS, knowledge to create and provide learning opportunities for English learners to enhance the learners' sustainability capacity, was developed in the course. Accordingly, to orient English teacher education institutions towards sustainability, an ecocriticism course is suggested to integrate into the curriculum.
Journal Article