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Developmentality
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork within the World Bank and a Ugandan ministry, this book critically examines how the new aid architecture recasts aid relations as a partnership. While intended to alter an asymmetrical relationship by fostering greater recipient participation and ownership, this book demonstrates how donors still seek to retain control through other indirect and informal means. The concept of developmentality shows how the World Bank's ability to steer a client's behavior is disguised by the underlying ideas of partnership, ownership, and participation, which come with other instruments through which the Bank manipulates the aid recipient into aligning with its own policies and practices.
eBook
The shifting global economic architecture : decentralizing authority in contemporary global governance
This book analyzes the shifting global economic architecture, indicating the decentralizing authority in global economic governance since the Cold War and, especially, following the 2008-09 global financial crisis. The author examines recent adjustments to the organizational framework, contestation of policy principles, norms, and practices, and destabilizing actor hierarchies, particularly in global macroeconomic, trade, and development governance. The study's 'analytical eclecticism' includes a core constructivist IR approach, but also incorporates insights from several international relations theories as well as political and economic theory. The book develops a unique 'analytical matrix', which analyzes effects of strategic, political, and cognitive authority in the organizational, policy, and actor contexts of the global economic architecture. It concludes that, despite concerns about potential fragmentation, decentralizing authority has increased the integration of leading developing states and new actors in contemporary global economic governance.-- Provided by Publisher.
Book
Does democracy help reduce environmental degradation?
The main purpose of this study is to examine the democracy–environmental degradation nexus in 26 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1990 through 2015 by using panel data estimation methods, performing well under cross-sectional dependence. Empirical results are as follows: (i) Tests show that cross-section dependence exists among panel members, and slope coefficients are heterogeneous, respectively, and (ii) long-term coefficient estimation results with Augmented Mean Group estimator show that democracy, non-renewable energy consumption, and real income per capita have statistically significant negative effects on environmental quality, whereas renewable energy consumption has a positive effect. There is also no statistically significant relationship between urbanization and environmental quality. These findings show the poor functioning of democracy in addressing environmental issues among OECD countries; therefore, raising environmental quality conflicts with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of creating strong institutions and economic growth targets. Moreover, promoting renewable energy consumption may be an effective alternative in reducing environmental degradation; therefore, it can be said that promoting clean energy use and raising the SDG environmental quality targets are in harmony.
Journal Article
Does trade matter for carbon emissions in OECD countries? Evidence from a new trade openness measure
This paper analyzes the impacts of the per capita income, the per capita energy consumption, and the trade openness on the level of per capita carbon emissions in the panel dataset of 35 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1960–2013. Along with the nominal trade openness, the paper uses a different trade openness measure, so called as the “trade potential index” (TPI). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that uses the TPI in the empirical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis literature. The paper finds that the EKC hypothesis is valid and there is an “inverted-U” relationship between the income and the carbon emissions. In addition, the paper observes that there is a positive effect of the energy consumption on the carbon emissions. Furthermore, the results indicate that both trade openness measures are negatively associated with the carbon emissions in the OECD countries in the long run.
Journal Article
UN contributions to development thinking and practice
UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice is at once a
history of the ideas and realities of international development, from the classical
economists to the recent emphasis on human rights, and a history of the UN's role in
shaping and implementing development paradigms over the last half century. The
authors, all prominent in the field of development studies, argue that the UN's
founding document, the UN Charter, is infused with the human values and human
concerns that are at the center of the UN's thinking on economic and human
development today. In the intervening period, the authors show how the UN's approach
to development evolved from mainstream areas of economic development to include
issues of employment, poverty reduction, fairer distribution of the benefits of
growth, equality of men and women, child development, social justice, and
environmental sustainability.
eBook
International organisations and global problems : theories and explanations
\"Taking a thematic and theoretical approach, this textbook examines international organisations (IOs) and their effectiveness in solving global issues. Through the lens of international relations theory, it focuses on eight key issue areas central to international relations: conflict; weapons; human rights; global health; financial governance; international trade; political and economic unions; development, and the environment. Capturing the best and most up-to-date scholarly research and empirical examples from around the world, the book enables students to develop the theoretical tools to evaluate IOs and answer the key question, 'are IOs a help or a hindrance?'. Text features include suggestions for further reading, questions, highlighted key terms and supplementary online resources, as well as text boxes providing demonstrations of how additional theories and concepts apply to specific IOs in the issue areas discussed. This textbook is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate courses on global governance, international organisations, and international relations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
African Shenzhen: China's special economic zones in Africa
This article examines recent Chinese efforts to construct a series of official economic cooperation zones in Africa. These zones are a central platform in China's announced strategy of engagement in Africa as ‘mutual benefit’. We analyse the background, motives and implementation of the zones, and argue that they form a unique, experimental model of development cooperation in Africa: market-based decisions and investment by Chinese companies are combined with support and subsidies from an Asian ‘developmental state’. Though this cooperation provides a promising new approach to sustainable industrialisation, we also identify serious political, economic and social challenges. Inadequate local learning and local participation could affect the ability of the zones to catalyse African industrialisation. The synergy between Chinese enterprises, the Chinese government and African governments has been evolving through practice. A case study of Egypt provides insight into this learning process.
Journal Article