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"Economic development Morocco."
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Morocco 2040 : emerging by investing in intangible capital
Documents the major economic and social strides made by Morocco over the past 15 years and analyzes the policies and political economy conditions for accelerating the pace of economic catch-up by 2040.
Book
Morocco
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYMoroccoâs economic track record was challenged in recent years by a series ofexogenous shocks, to which the authorities responded vigorously. Facing a difficultinternational environment, the authorities adopted, with the support of the FundâsPrecautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL), a policy program aimed at restoring fiscal andexternal buffers while strengthening competitiveness and promoting higher and moreinclusive growth. The program remained broadly on track and the authorities did notdraw on the PLL.The outlook is improving but remains subject to significant downside r
Book
Morocco
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Moroccoâs economic track record was challenged in recent years by a series of exogenous shocks, to which the authorities responded vigorously. Facing a difficult international environment, the authorities adopted, with the support of the Fundâs Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL), a policy program aimed at restoring fiscal and external buffers while strengthening competitiveness and promoting higher and more inclusive growth. The program remained broadly on track and the authorities did not draw on the PLL. The outlook is improving but remains subject to significant downside risks. Growth will slow in 2014, but it is expected to accelerate over the medium term owing to structural reforms and improved global conditions. However, this outlook remains subject to major external risks. A protracted period of slower growth in Europe, a surge in global financial market volatility linked to the exit from unconventional monetary policies in large advanced economies, and higher oil prices resulting from geopolitical tensions could significantly degrade the balance of payments. The authorities are requesting a two-year successor PLL arrangement with a lower access (550 percent of quota) than the first arrangement. The current PLL has provided useful insurance against external risks while anchoring the authoritiesâ reform agenda and sending positive signals to markets. Given significant global risks, a successor arrangement, which the authorities intend to treat as precautionary, would continue to support their policies. The lower access reflects the strengthening of the economy in the past two years as well as a balance of risks lower than two years ago. Staff considers that Morocco continues to qualify for a PLL arrangement and recommends the approval of the authoritiesâ request. The proposed arrangement carries low risks to
the Fund and would have minimal impact on the Fundâs liquidity were the authorities to draw on the full amount available. The authoritiesâ policy package provides reasonable prospects of exit at the end of this arrangement if external circumstances warrant.
eBook
Le management de l'innovation au Maroc
Dans les pays en développement, les entreprises innovent de plus en plus pour développer un avantage concurrentiel et s'adapter aux changements multiples que connaissent leurs marchés respectifs. Les entrepreneurs de ces pays font aussi appel à l'innovation pour se faire une place dans le monde des affaires en bouleversant l'ordre établi. Pourtant, leurs contextes ne présentent pas toujours les conditions économiques et institutionnelles favorables à l'innovation contrairement aux pays développés. Cet ouvrage analyse pour le Maroc les facteurs qui déterminent la capacité d'innovation des entreprises.
eBook
Creative State
At the turn of the twenty-first century, with the amount of money emigrants sent home soaring to new highs, governments around the world began searching for ways to capitalize on emigration for economic growth, and they looked to nations that already had policies in place. Morocco and Mexico featured prominently as sources of \"best practices\" in this area, with tailor-made financial instruments that brought migrants into the banking system, captured remittances for national development projects, fostered partnerships with emigrants for infrastructure design and provision, hosted transnational forums for development planning, and emboldened cross-border political lobbies.
InCreative State, Natasha Iskander chronicles how these innovative policies emerged and evolved over forty years. She reveals that the Moroccan and Mexican policies emulated as models of excellence were not initially devised to link emigration to development, but rather were deployed to strengthen both governments' domestic hold on power. The process of policy design, however, was so iterative and improvisational that neither the governments nor their migrant constituencies ever predicted, much less intended, the ways the new initiatives would gradually but fundamentally redefine nationhood, development, and citizenship. Morocco's and Mexico's experiences with migration and development policy demonstrate that far from being a prosaic institution resistant to change, the state can be a remarkable site of creativity, an essential but often overlooked component of good governance.
eBook
Six Randomized Evaluations of Microcredit: Introduction and Further Steps
Causal evidence on microcredit impacts informs theory, practice, and debates about its effectiveness as a development tool. The six randomized evaluations in this volume use a variety of sampling, data collection, experimental design, and econometric strategies to identify causal effects of expanded access to microcredit on borrowers and/or communities. These methods are deployed across an impressive range of locations—six countries on four continents, urban and rural areas—borrower characteristics, loan characteristics, and lender characteristics. Summarizing and interpreting results across studies, we note a consistent pattern of modestly positive, but not transformative, effects. We also discuss directions for future research.
Journal Article
Estimating the Impact of Microcredit on Those Who Take It Up: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Morocco
We report results from a randomized evaluation of a microcredit program introduced in rural areas of Morocco in 2006. Thirteen percent of the households in treatment villages took a loan, and none in control villages did. Among households identified as more likely to borrow, microcredit access led to a significant rise in investment in assets used for self-employment activities, and an increase in profit, but also to a reduction in income from casual labor. Overall there was no gain in income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are mainly driven by effects on borrowers, rather than by externalities.
Journal Article
Understanding the Average Impact of Microcredit Expansions
Despite evidence from multiple randomized evaluations of microcredit, questions about external validity have impeded consensus on the results. I jointly estimate the average effect and the heterogeneity in effects across seven studies using Bayesian hierarchical models. I find the impact on household business and consumption variables is unlikely to be transformative and may be negligible. I find reasonable external validity: true heterogeneity in effects is moderate, and approximately 60 percent of observed heterogeneity is sampling variation. Households with previous business experience have larger but more heterogeneous effects. Economic features of microcredit interventions predict variation in effects better than studies’ evaluation protocols.
Journal Article
The impact of economic uncertainty, economic growth and energy consumption on environmental degradation in MENA countries: Fresh insights from multiple thresholds NARDL approach
This paper explores the influence of economic policy uncertainty on environmental quality in selected MENA countries depending on an augmented STIRPAT model over the period 1970–2020. ARDL model and its extensions like augmented ARDL, augmented NARDL, and MTNARDL models are applied to detect any possible effect from uncertainty index to carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions. The empirical results reveal the validity of environmental Kuznet curve (EKC) curve in all the countries. Moreover, the results show that the uncertainty index enhances environmental degradation, especially in extremely large changes in Morocco, Turkey, and Iran. Besides, the findings reveal that energy consumption and population in the entire sample escalates CO
2
emissions over the study period. Consequently, policymakers in MENA countries should consider the economic uncertainty index, particularly in light of its recent rise, when developing any strategies and plans aimed at improving environmental standards, as well as the need to encourage the use of renewable energies in order to increase the percentage of their contribution to total energy consumption.
Journal Article
Tourism development, energy consumption and environmental quality in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco
Prior research address socio-economic aspects of tourism industry and little attention has been paid to investigate the impact of tourism development on economic growth, and environmental quality. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of tourism development on economic growth, CO₂ emissions and environmental quality in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco (Muslim majority countries). An autoregressive distributed lag model is used to analyze data for the period 1980–2014. The study further examines the long and short-term relationship between tourism and economic growth; and tourism and environmental quality. The study reveals that economic growth converges to its long-run equilibrium at an adjusting speed of about 25.7% in Morocco, 5.8% in Egypt, and 2.1% in Tunisia. The findings of the study confirm that tourism growth is linked to environmental quality. The study reveals that tourism has a negative effect on the environment quality in Egypt whereas a positive effect in Tunisia and neutral in Morocco. Using the EKC hypothesis tests, the study concludes the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between CO₂ emissions and the level of income for Morocco and Egypt, whereas for Tunisia, this relationship is U-shaped. The study also offers policy implications.
Journal Article