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This book offers guidance on the principles, methods, and practice of impact evaluation. It contains material for a range of audiences, from those who may use or manage impact evaluations to applied researchers.Impact evaluation is an empirical approach to estimating the causal effects of interventions, in terms of both magnitude and statistical significance. Expanded use of impact evaluation techniques is critical to rigorously derive knowledge from development operations and for development investments and policies to become more evidence-based and effective. To help backstop more use of impact evaluation approaches, this book introduces core concepts, methods, and considerations for planning, designing, managing, and implementing impact evaluation, supplemented by examples. The topics covered range from impact evaluation purposes to basic principles, specific methodologies, and guidance on field implementation. It has materials for a range of audiences, from those who are interested in understanding evidence on \"what works\" in development, to those who will contribute to expanding the evidence base as applied researchers.

This book primarily focuses on the dynamic relationship between the financial and the economic systems of twelve major economies in the world.

On 3 April 2020, the Director-General of the WHO stated: \"[COVID-19] is much more than a health crisis. We are all aware of the profound social and economic consequences of the pandemic (WHO, 2020)\". Such consequences are the result of counter-measures such as lockdowns, and world-wide reductions in production and consumption, amplified by cascading impacts through international supply chains. Using a global multi-regional macro-economic model, we capture direct and indirect spill-over effects in terms of social and economic losses, as well as environmental effects of the pandemic. Based on information as of May 2020, we show that global consumption losses amount to 3.8$tr, triggering significant job (147 million full-time equivalent) and income (2.1$tr) losses. Global atmospheric emissions are reduced by 2.5Gt of greenhouse gases, 0.6Mt of PM2.5, and 5.1Mt of SO2 and NOx. While Asia, Europe and the USA have been the most directly impacted regions, and transport and tourism the immediately hit sectors, the indirect effects transmitted along international supply chains are being felt across the entire world economy. These ripple effects highlight the intrinsic link between socio-economic and environmental dimensions, and emphasise the challenge of addressing unsustainable global patterns. How humanity reacts to this crisis will define the post-pandemic world.

Economic Impact or Contribution contributes to the applied regional economic literature by providing a framework for handling a diverse set of projects and providing detailed case studies of fieldwork regarding the health care industry, higher education institutions, the nonprofit sector, infrastructure investment, and a major musical entertainment event. Economic Impact or Contribution accomplishes three major tasks by answering the following questions: What are the differences between the economic concepts used in economic versus fiscal assessment studies? How can we structure an economic and business issue or challenge? How can we create a research product that helps the project’s sponsors solve their problem? This book has emerged as an answer to many research-related questions in dealing with regional business and economic issues and challenges.

The Scan versions of regulatory reform reviews focus on one particular element of regulatory governance and aim to deliver a diagnosis in a shorter period of time and in the format ofa more concise output. Data collection is based on OECD surveys and complemented with a fact-finding mission. This Scan specifically focuses on good governance to embed regulatory impact assessment in the Chilean rule-making process as compared to OECD practices and standards.

This study investigates the feasibility of establishing a grid-connected power system in Ibri, Oman. The primary goal is to address the rising energy demands and contribute to fighting climate change. By leveraging Ibri’s resources, the research highlights the feasibility of such a system, focusing on its economic, technological, and environmental benefits. Using PVsyst software for planning and evaluation, the study assesses climate conditions, component choices, and performance predictions to ensure optimal system performance. The proposed 10.81 kWp solar power system estimates an energy production of 16,981 kWh, achieving a system efficiency of 67.2% based on the performance ratio (PR). The financial analysis estimates a payback period of 7.5 to 8.3 years, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 11.15% and a net present value (NPV) of $32,024.28, confirming the project’s viability. The system is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 379.939 tons over its lifetime, highlighting the significant ecological benefits of adopting solar energy (SE). The research demonstrates that incorporating PV systems in regions like Ibri is technically viable, economically beneficial, and environmentally advantageous. This study is a valuable resource for energy initiatives, promoting sustainable power production methods and encouraging the broader adoption of renewable technologies for a sustainable future.

La desigualdad en América Latina tiene múltiples manifestaciones que se entrelazan y refuerzan mutuamente: grupos étnicos; mujeres y hombres; personas con y sin acceso a buena educación; quienes concentran los ingresos y la riqueza y quienes no tienen para comer; quienes realizan nuevos emprendimientos económicos porque cuentan con los recursos y redes para ello, y quienes sobreviven con un trabajo informal; los que participan en la vida pública y aquellos que son invisibles para el Estado, porque ni siquiera están registrados como ciudadanos; quienes tienen poder y quienes no lo tienen. Este libro se refiere a una forma particular de la desigualdad: aquella que existe entre los distintos territorios que integran el mosaico de la geografía del desarrollo en cada país de nuestra región. Nos referimos a las diferencias que son el resultado de la acción humana, expresada, por ejemplo, en fallas de mercado, en instituciones económicas o no económicas o en los procesos de decisión de las políticas públicas. Hay abundante evidencia de que las desigualdades territoriales son diferentes y adicionales a las que afectan a los individuos o a los grupos sociales, y que constituyen un componente importante de la desigualdad general. Además de dos artículos introductorios —síntesis general y aspectos metodológicos de los estudios— este libro documenta los cambios entre mediados de la década de 1990 y mediados de la década del 2000 en el ingreso o consumo per capita, en la incidencia de pobreza y en la distribución del ingreso o del consumo per capita en poco más de nueve mil municipios, provincias o departamentos, según el caso, de nueve países: Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua y Perú. Los trabajos contenidos en el libro tienen un indudable valor instrumental para la comunidad de investigadores y decisores políticos interesados en los temas del desarrollo, en tanto que cada uno de ellos y colectivamente establecen una base de información de alta calidad sobre la evolución reciente de importantes indicadores de bienestar.

Very little. A plethora of integrated assessment models (IAMs) have been constructed and used to estimate the social cost of carbon (SCC) and evaluate alternative abatement policies. These models have crucial flaws that make them close to useless as tools for policy analysis: certain inputs (e.g., the discount rate) are arbitrary, but have huge effects on the SCC estimates the models produce; the models' descriptions of the impact of climate change are completely ad hoc, with no theoretical or empirical foundation; and the models can tell us nothing about the most important driver of the SCC, the possibility of a catastrophic climate outcome. IAM-based analyses of climate policy create a perception of knowledge and precision, but that perception is illusory and misleading.

In recent years, a widespread consensus has emerged about the necessity of establishing bridges between quantitative and qualitative approaches to empirical research in political science. In this article, we discuss the use of the synthetic control method as a way to bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide in comparative politics. The synthetic control method provides a systematic way to choose comparison units in comparative case studies. This systematization opens the door to precise quantitative inference in small-sample comparative studies, without precluding the application of qualitative approaches. Borrowing the expression from Sidney Tarrow, the synthetic control method allows researchers to put \"qualitative flesh on quantitative bones.\" We illustrate the main ideas behind the synthetic control method by estimating the economic impact of the 1990 German reunification on West Germany.