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The reasons for China’s economic slowdown over the past decade have rarely been explored. With the introduction of promotion reforms for officials, the Chinese government’s attention has gradually shifted toward the latter in the “economy–environment” balance. Based on this interesting phenomenon of China’s development, this article attempts to solve the mystery of China’s economic growth decline. We find that the reform lowers emissions, possibly at the cost of economic growth. Heterogeneity analysis shows it significantly affects western and resource-based cities, while the impact differs in other cities. The economic growth rate effect of the policy shows a fluctuating downward trend over time, while the suppression effect of carbon emissions is the opposite. Corporate environmental governance actions are micro-channels for policy effectiveness. The findings of the study emphasize the policy implication that rational transformation of the economic structure requires continuous reform of the promotion and appraisal mechanism of officials in order to achieve the goal of sustainable development.

After the stunning victory of Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope) over the incumbent Barisan Nasional (National Front) in May 2018’s 14th Malaysian General Election, 2019 was a year of political transition, with Pakatan governing, Barisan rising from its political grave, and the Malaysian people getting accustomed to a two-party coalition system. In a chaotic year of party-political and electoral fatigue, social discontent, and economic slowdown, Malaysia endured its domestic troubles to remain a stable country.

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper, we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2015, by more than 40 and 80 percent, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal-fired power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50 percent reduction in 2012-2015, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50 percent, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during last decade. The baseline established during the first 11 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.

Această lucrare are ca scop studierea funcţionării lanţului de aprovizionare în clusterul din sectorul de îmbrăcăminte. Sunt identificaţi factorii cheie care contribuie la funcţionarea eficientă a reţelei lanţului de aprovizionare si practicile întreprinse pentru a rezista situaţiilor economice dificile. În plus, s-a analizat modalitatea de plată a dividendelor industriei în condiţiile de performanţă a afacerii. Această lucrare foloseşte o metodologie de cercetare exploratorie bazată pe studii de caz, care îşi propune să înţeleagă relaţia cauză-efect dintre variabilele care influenţează reţeaua lanţului de aprovizionare. S-a efectuat un studiu amplu şi s-a aplicat un raţionament logic, pentru stabilirea ipotezelor şi a modelului conceptual. Au fost luate în considerare studii de caz din diferite ţări în curs de dezvoltare şi o varietate de modele de lanţ de aprovizionare au fost studiate cu atenţie pentru a propune modelele. Aceasta a condus la dezvoltarea unui model flexibil, pentru a rezista la criza economică şi, în acelaşi timp, suficient de eficient şi robust pentru a sprijini funcţionarea diferitelor noduri din reţeaua lanţului de aprovizionare din sectorul de îmbrăcăminte. Acest studiu, după cunoştinţele autorului, nu a fost întreprins într-un cluster din sectorul de îmbrăcăminte dintr-o ţară în curs de dezvoltare. Concluziile acestui studiu vor oferi suportul necesar clusterului din sectorul îmbrăcăminte, un sector fragil şi slab performant, dar contribuitor major al produsului intern brut şi generator de locuri de muncă pentru clasa de mijloc în creştere în ţări în curs de dezvoltare.

We explore the effect of the sharp and sustained decline after June 2014 in the global price of crude oil (and hence in the U.S. price of gasoline) on U.S. real GDP growth. Our analysis suggests that this decline produced a cumulative stimulus of about 0.9 percent of real GDP by raising private real consumption and non-oil-related business investment, and an additional stimulus of 0.04 percent, reflecting a shrinking petroleum trade deficit. This stimulative effect, however, has been largely offset by a large reduction in real investment by the oil sector. Hence, the net stimulus since June 2014 has been close to zero. We show that the U.S. economy’s response was not fundamentally different from that observed after the oil price decline of 1986. Then as now, the U.S. economy’s response is consistent with standard economic models of the transmission of oil price shocks. We find no evidence that frictions in reallocating capital and labor across sectors or increased uncertainty about the price of gasoline explain the sluggish response of U.S. real GDP growth. Nor do we find evidence of financial contagion, of spillovers from oil-related investment to non-oil-related investment, of an increase in household savings, or of households deleveraging.

This study examines the persistent slowdown of the U.S. economy since 2007 and argues that it represents a secular stagnation: a structural form of slowdown growth, rather than a cyclical weakness. Despite unprecedented monetary expansion and near-zero interest rates from 2008 to 2022, economic growth failed to return to norms, revealing the limits of conventional policy tools. Using annual growth data from 1949 to 2025, the study employs ANOVA-type models and binary-variable segmentation to identify structural breaks in growth behavior. We distinguish six homogeneous business-cycle intervals and three long-run growth phases, with long-term growth averages of 4%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. One important conclusion is that the decline of growth potential has been a long-run process undeterred by the excessive use of monetary and fiscal tools. This resonates with the Tinbergen Rule that discourages the use of short-run policies to treat long-run economic problems. We refined the concept of secular stagnation and defined it as a long-run structural phenomenon driven by recent socio-economic conditions including slower productivity growth, chronic investment shortfalls, diminishing returns from digital technology, etc. The ongoing stagnation is unlikely to reverse without significant policy reorientation; it needs renewed scholarly and policy attention and requires long-term structural solutions.

Previous studies have consistently shown the recurrent relationship between macroeconomic cycles and changes in mortality trends, so that recessions are generally associated with periods of faster life expectancy rise, and periods of economic growth with slower reductions or even increases in mortality trends. Here we analyze the link between annual per capita estimates of gross domestic product and daily atmospheric temperatures and standardized death rates for a large ensemble of European regions to describe the effect of the Great Recession on annual and seasonal changes in all-cause human mortality trends. Results show that the countries and regions with the largest (smallest) economic slowdown were also those with the largest (smallest) strengthening of the declining mortality trend. This procyclical evolution of mortality rates is found to be stronger during the cold part of the year, showing that it also depends on the seasonal timing of the underlying causes of death. Country difference in macroeconomic cycles-mortality changes relationships has been rarely explored. Here the authors studied the relationship between 2008 recession and daily mortality counts for EU countries and revealed a significant relationship between macroeconomic cycles and mortality trends.

Unlike most scholars, who believe that \"new normal\" means a decline on China's economic growth rate, we argue that the interpretation of the \"new normal\" has more comprehensive meanings. China had experienced a reduction of about 2% in its annual growth rate in the seven-year period before 2007 compared to the same period after 2007, which signalled a slight slowdown but not a severe recession. In the long run, the economic fluctuation is still in the normal range accounting for the scale effect of China as a major economy. Furthermore, expanding Internet penetration becomes a new catalyst for growth. But on the other hand, economic distortions are concealed during the high growth period which have surfaced to constrain growth, among which the distortion of the relative factor prices could be used to explain the slowdown of the economic growth. The problem of dual track of the factor prices stemming from the institutional settings should be paid more attention on. The changing of the relative factor prices is the core variable to optimize resources allocation when a country develops from a lower level to a higher level. The way to reduce these distortions including resources misallocation is the reform of the supply-side in the \"new normal\".

Given its size and integration with the global economy, Chinese economic downturn could have momentous spillovers to the rest of the world and result in a decline in oil prices. This article investigates whether the Chinese economic slowdown and the oil prices affect the G7 stock market. We use a Quantile-on-Quantile regression approach to capture the correlation structure between the G7 stock returns and oil price returns under different G7 market conditions with considering nuances of oil price movements and Chinese slowdown. Data are employed over the period of January 1999 ~ December 2015. Our results show that the responses of G7 stock returns to China and oil shocks are likely to be asymmetric, nonlinear and country-specific. The stock market returns of Germany, Italy and Canada appear the most vulnerable to these shocks. Our results suggest that international investors consider the states of stock market returns and oil price alongside with the interaction effect between China's economic slowdown and oil market.