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(Re)Discovering university autonomy : the global market paradox of stakeholder and educational values in higher education
\"Governments in all parts of the world are engaged in the radical reform and reshaping of higher education to achieve economic, social, and political objectives. They recognize that they need higher education institutions with greater autonomy and more freedom to help realize their goals; the challenge is to define university autonomy in a way that will best meet the needs of governments, higher education institutions, and other stakeholders. Turcan, Reilly, and Bugaian have developed a new and critical understanding of institutional university autonomy by bringing together original case studies based on a holistic view of the topic. The authors evaluate institutional university autonomy by introducing five interfaces that characterize external and internal interactions between modern universities and their key stakeholders. By addressing modern challenges to university autonomy in Europe and beyond in a new and innovative way, (Re)Discovering University Autonomy has far-reaching implications for leaders and managers, researchers, educators, practitioners, and policy makers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Superiority of Economists
In this essay, we analyze the dominant position of economics within the network of the social sciences in the United States. We begin by documenting the relative insularity of economics, using bibliometric data. Next we analyze the tight management of the field from the top down, which gives economics its characteristic hierarchical structure. Economists also distinguish themselves from other social scientists through their much better material situation (many teach in business schools, have external consulting activities), their more individualist worldviews, and their confidence in their discipline's ability to fix the world's problems. Taken together, these traits constitute what we call the superiority of economists, where economists' objective supremacy is intimately linked with their subjective sense of authority and entitlement. While this superiority has certainly fueled economists' practical involvement and their considerable influence over the economy, it has also exposed them more to conflicts of interests, political critique, even derision.
Journal Article
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Blended Versus Face-to-Face Delivery of Evidence-Based Medicine to Medical Students
Blended learning describes a combination of teaching methods, often utilizing digital technologies. Research suggests that learner outcomes can be improved through some blended learning formats. However, the cost-effectiveness of delivering blended learning is unclear.
This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of a face-to-face learning and blended learning approach for evidence-based medicine training within a medical program.
The economic evaluation was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the evidence-based medicine (EBM) competency of medical students who participated in two different modes of education delivery. In the traditional face-to-face method, students received ten 2-hour classes. In the blended learning approach, students received the same total face-to-face hours but with different activities and additional online and mobile learning. Online activities utilized YouTube and a library guide indexing electronic databases, guides, and books. Mobile learning involved self-directed interactions with patients in their regular clinical placements. The attribution and differentiation of costs between the interventions within the RCT was measured in conjunction with measured outcomes of effectiveness. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated comparing the ongoing operation costs of each method with the level of EBM proficiency achieved. Present value analysis was used to calculate the break-even point considering the transition cost and the difference in ongoing operation cost.
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that it costs 24% less to educate a student to the same level of EBM competency via the blended learning approach used in the study, when excluding transition costs. The sunk cost of approximately AUD $40,000 to transition to the blended model exceeds any savings from using the approach within the first year of its implementation; however, a break-even point is achieved within its third iteration and relative savings in the subsequent years. The sensitivity analysis indicates that approaches with higher transition costs, or staffing requirements over that of a traditional method, are likely to result in negative value propositions.
Under the study conditions, a blended learning approach was more cost-effective to operate and resulted in improved value for the institution after the third year iteration, when compared to the traditional face-to-face model. The wider applicability of the findings are dependent on the type of blended learning utilized, staffing expertise, and educational context.
Journal Article
The knowledge capital of nations
In this book Eric Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann make a simple, central claim, developed with rigorous theoretical and empirical support: knowledge is the key to a country's development. Of course, every country acknowledges the importance of developing human capital, but Hanushek and Woessmann argue that message has become distorted, with politicians and researchers concentrating not on valued skills but on proxies for them. The common focus is on school attainment, although time in school provides a very misleading picture of how skills enter into development. Hanushek and Woessmann contend that the cognitive skills of the population -- which they term the \"knowledge capital\" of a nation -- are essential to long-run prosperity. Hanushek and Woessmann subject their hypotheses about the relationship between cognitive skills (as consistently measured by international student assessments) and economic growth to a series of tests, including alternate specifications, different subsets of countries, and econometric analysis of causal interpretations. They find that their main results are remarkably robust, and equally applicable to developing and developed countries. They demonstrate, for example, that the \"Latin American growth puzzle\" and the \"East Asian miracle\" can be explained by these regions' knowledge capital. Turning to the policy implications of their argument, they call for an education system that develops effective accountability, promotes choice and competition, and provides direct rewards for good performance.
eBook
A Randomized Assessment of Online Learning
A microeconomics principles course employing random assignment across three sections with different teaching models is used to explore learning outcomes as measured by a cumulative final exam for students who participate in traditional face-to-face classroom instruction, blended face-to-face and online instruction with reduced instructor contact time, and a purely online instructional format. Evidence indicates learning outcomes were reduced for students in the purely online section relative to those in the face-to-face format by 5 to 10 points on a cumulative final exam. No statistically significant differences in outcomes are observed for students in the blended relative to the face-to-face section.
Journal Article
In search of academic quality
\"Are higher education and research in the process of becoming more and more alike? Global standards such as performance rankings and New Public Management approaches provide an identical rationale for launching major reforms. The way to produce an academic quality at the local level is expected to be aligned according to such standards.In Search of Academic Quality questions the relevance of such an evolution scenario. Based on an international comparison observing in-depth a series of universities, the book suggests that diversity remains massive when considering how single institutions position themselves in terms of quality standards and combine resources, as well as the alternatives they have access to given their organizational and cultural governance path dependence. This volume explores a series of analytical tools applicable for management purposes such as improving academic quality upgrading. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Education Myth
The Education Myth questions
the idea that education represents the best, if not the only, way
for Americans to access economic opportunity. As Jon
Shelton shows, linking education to economic well-being was not
politically inevitable. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
for instance, public education was championed as a way to help
citizens learn how to participate in a democracy. By the 1930s,
public education, along with union rights and social security,
formed an important component of a broad-based fight for social
democracy.
Shelton demonstrates that beginning in the 1960s, the political
power of the education myth choked off powerful social democratic
alternatives like A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin's Freedom
Budget. The nation's political center was bereft of any realistic
ideas to guarantee economic security and social dignity for the
majority of Americans, particularly those without college degrees.
Embraced first by Democrats like Lyndon Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and
Bill Clinton, Republicans like George W. Bush also pushed the
education myth. The result, over the past four decades, has been
the emergence of a deeply inequitable economy and a drastically
divided political system.
eBook