Explore the vast range of titles available.

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 2000.

Background\\nTo better understand the epidemiology and patterns of tracheostomy practice for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we investigated the current usage of tracheostomy in patients with ARDS recruited into the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG-SAFE) study.\\nMethods\\nThis is a secondary analysis of LUNG-SAFE, an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients receiving invasive or noninvasive ventilation in 50 countries spanning 5 continents. The study was carried out over 4 weeks consecutively in the winter of 2014, and 459 ICUs participated. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients that received tracheostomy, in the cohort of patients that developed ARDS on day 1–2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, and in a subsequent propensity-matched cohort.\\nResults\\nOf the 2377 patients with ARDS that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 309 (13.0%) underwent tracheostomy during their ICU stay. Patients from high-income European countries (n = 198/1263) more frequently underwent tracheostomy compared to patients from non-European high-income countries (n = 63/649) or patients from middle-income countries (n = 48/465). Only 86/309 (27.8%) underwent tracheostomy on or before day 7, while the median timing of tracheostomy was 14 (Q1–Q3, 7–21) days after onset of ARDS. In the subsample matched by propensity score, ICU and hospital stay were longer in patients with tracheostomy. While patients with tracheostomy had the highest survival probability, there was no difference in 60-day or 90-day mortality in either the patient subgroup that survived for at least 5 days in ICU, or in the propensity-matched subsample.\\nConclusions\\nMost patients that receive tracheostomy do so after the first week of critical illness. Tracheostomy may prolong patient survival but does not reduce 60-day or 90-day mortality.

Purpose Pathogenic variants in ARID1B are one of the most frequent causes of intellectual disability (ID) as determined by large-scale exome sequencing studies. Most studies published thus far describe clinically diagnosed Coffin–Siris patients (ARID1B-CSS) and it is unclear whether these data are representative for patients identified through sequencing of unbiased ID cohorts (ARID1B-ID). We therefore sought to determine genotypic and phenotypic differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS. In parallel, we investigated the effect of different methods of phenotype reporting. Methods Clinicians entered clinical data in an extensive web-based survey. Results 79 ARID1B-CSS and 64 ARID1B-ID patients were included. CSS-associated dysmorphic features, such as thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, thick alae nasi, long and/or broad philtrum, small nails and small or absent fifth distal phalanx and hypertrichosis, were observed significantly more often ( p  < 0.001) in ARID1B-CSS patients. No other significant differences were identified. Conclusion There are only minor differences between ARID1B-ID and ARID1B-CSS patients. ARID1B-related disorders seem to consist of a spectrum, and patients should be managed similarly. We demonstrated that data collection methods without an explicit option to report the absence of a feature (such as most Human Phenotype Ontology-based methods) tended to underestimate gene-related features.

In a randomized trial involving previously untreated patients with metastatic intermediate- or poor-risk renal-cell cancer, nivolumab plus ipilimumab was associated with higher response rates, longer overall survival, and greater improvement in quality of life than sunitinib.

Schumacher, Andreas (ed.), Florenz und seine maler: Von Giotto bis Leonardo da Vinci.Munich, Himer Publishers, 2018. ISBN 978-3-7774-3064-5 (edición alemana), 384 pp.Schumacher, Andreas (ed.), Florence and its Painters: From Giotto to Leonardo da Vinci. Himer Publishers, 2018. ISBN: 978-3-7774-3062-1 (edición inglesa), 384 pp.

Background: Children and adolescents are affected in various ways by the lockdown measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in this age-group. Objective: The objective was to investigate and compare the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in three age groups (1-6 years, 7-10 years, 11-19 years) and to examine the associations with psychological factors. Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted from 9 April to 11 May 2020 during the acute phase of major lockdown measures. In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents aged between 1 and 19 years were recruited as a population-based sample. They were eligible if they were residents in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, were parents/caregivers of a child aged between 1 and 10 years or adolescents ≥11 years, had sufficient German language skills and provided informed consent. Results: Among 5823 participants, between 2.2% and 9.9% reported emotional and behavioural problems above the clinical cut-off and between 15.3% and 43.0% reported an increase in these problems during the pandemic. Significant age-related effects were found regarding the type and frequency of problems (χ 2 (4) ≥50.2, P ≤ 0.001). While preschoolers (1-6 years) had the largest increase in oppositional-defiant behaviours, adolescents reported the largest increase in emotional problems. Adolescents experienced a significantly larger decrease in emotional and behavioural problems than both preschoolers and school-children. Sociodemographic variables, exposure to and appraisal of COVID-19, psychotherapy before COVID-19 and parental mental health significantly predicted change in problem-scores (F ≥ 3.69, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of children and adolescents experience age-related mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These problems should be monitored, and support should be offered to risk-groups to improve communication, emotion regulation and appraisal style. Between 15.3% and 43.0% of the 1 to 19 years old children and adolescents reported an increase of problems during COVID-19. Between 2.0% and 9.9% reported emotional and behavioural problems above the clinical cut-off. Effects were associated with age, gender, exposure to and appraisal of COVID-19, attending psychotherapy before COVID-19 and parental mental health.

Reseña de: SALVADOR GONZÁLEZ, José María (2022). La estética de san Buenaventura y su influencia en la iconografía de los siglos XIV-XV. Madrid: Sindéresis, 262 pp.

This book lays out the reasons why we should study cognitive development in adulthood, and presents the history, latest data, and results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS), which now extends to over forty-five years. The SLS is organized around five questions: does intelligence change uniformly throughout adulthood, or are there different life-course-ability patterns? At what age and at what magnitude can decrement in ability be reliably detected? What are the patterns and magnitude of generational differences? What accounts for individual differences in age-related change in adulthood? Can the intellectual decline that increases with age be reversed by educational intervention? Based on work on the SLS, this book presents a conceptual model. The model represents this book's author's view on the factors that influence cognitive development throughout the human lifespan, and provides a rationale for the various influences that have been investigated — genetic factors, early and current family environment, life styles, the experience of chronic disease, and various personality attributes. The data in this volume include the 1998 longitudinal cycle of the SLS. In light of both new data and revised analyses, psychometric and neuropsychological assessments have been linked in long-term data to aid in the early identification of risk for dementia in later life. The book also presents new data and concludes on the impact of personality on cognition. It includes correlation matrices and web-access information for select data sets.

One of the criteria used by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to assess threat status is the rate of decline in abundance over 3 generations or 10 years, whichever is longer. The traditional method for calculating generation length (T) uses age-specific survival and fecundity, but these data are rarely available. Consequently, proxies that require less information are oflen used, which introduces potential biases. The IUCN recommends 2 proxies based on adult mortality rate, T̂d = α + 1/d, and reproductive life span, T̂z = α + z* RL, where a is age at first reproduction, d is adult mortality rate, RL is reproductive life span, and z is a coefficient derived from data for comparable species. We used published life tables for 78 animal and plant populations to evaluate precision and bias of these proxies by comparing td and T̂d and T̂z with true generation length. Mean error rates in estimating T were 31% for T̂d and 20% for T̂z, but error rates for T̂d were 16% when we subtracted 1 year (T̂d(adj)= T̂d — 1), as suggested by theory; T̂ d(adj) also provided largely unbiased estimates regardless of the true generation length. Performance of T̂z depends on compilation of detailed data for comparable species, but our results suggest taxonomy is not a reliable indicator of comparability. All 3 proxies depend heavily on a reliable estimate of age at first reproduction, as we illustrated with 2 test species. The relatively large mean errors for all proxies emphasized the importance of collecting the detailed life-history information necessary to calculate true generation length. Unfortunately, publication of such data is less common than it was decades ago. We identified generic patterns of age-specific change in vital rates that can be used to predict expected patterns of bias from applying T̂d(adj). Uno de los criterios utilizados por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) para evaluar el estado de las amenazas es la tasa de declinación en la abundancia a lo largo de tres generaciones o durante diez años, cualquiera que sea más largo. El método tradicional para calcular la duración de una generación (T) utiliza la supervivencia específica de edad y la fecundidad, pero estos datos rara vez están disponibles. En consecuencia, se utilizan sustitutos que requieren de menos información, lo que introduce sesgos potenciales. La UICN recomienda dos sustitutos basados en la tasa de mortalidad de los adultos, T̂d = α + 1/d, y en la duración de la vida reproductiva, T̂z = α + z* RL, donde a es la edad durante la primera reproducción, d es la tasa de mortalidad, RL es la duración de la vida reproductiva, y z es un coeficiente derivado de los datos para las especies comparables. Utilizamos las tablas de vida publicadas de 78 poblaciones de animales y plantas para evaluar la precisión y el sesgo de estos sustitutos al comparar T̂d y T̂z con la verdadera duración de la generación. Las tasas de error promedio en la estimación de T fueron del 31 % para T̂d y del 20 % para T̂z, pero las tasas de error para T̂d fueron del 16% cuando se restó un año (T̂d(adj)=T̂d-1), como se sugiere en la teoría; T̂d(adj) también proporcionó estimados generalmente imparciales sin importar la verdadera duración de la generación. El desempeño de Tz depende de la compilación de datos detallados sobre las especies comparables, pero nuestros resultados sugieren que la taxonomía no es un indicador confiable de la comparabilidad. Los tres sustitutos dependen enormemente de un estimado confiable de la edad durante la primera reproducción, como ilustramos con dos especies prueba. Los errores promedio relativamente grandes para todos los sustitutos enf atizan la importancia de la recolección de información detallada sobre la historia de vida, necesaria para calcular la verdadera duración de una generación. Desafortunadamente, la publicación de dichos datos es menos común que hace dos décadas. Identificamos los patrones genéricos del cambio específico de edad en las tasas vitales que pueden utilizarse para predecir los patrones esperados del sesgo causado por aplicar T̂d(adj).