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This research project aims to conduct a comprehensive geophysical evaluation of the oil potential within the pre-rift Matulla Formation in the Rabeh and Edfu-Saqara fields, situated in the Gulf of Suez Basin. The investigation relies on the analysis of wireline logs from twelve wells, with eight drilled in Rabeh field (Nageh-1, South Malak-1, Tawoos-1, RE-8, RE-22, RE-25, RE-2 & RE-4) in the onshore south-western Gulf of Suez Basin, and four wells (GS323-1 A, GS323-4 A, Edfu A-3 & Edfu A-5 A) drilled in Edfu-Saqara field in the offshore central Gulf of Suez Basin. Additionally, the interpretation of twenty seismic sections covering the Rabeh field reveals the prevalence of NW–SE normal faults, supplemented by minor E–W faults. These faults play a crucial role in creating structural traps conducive to retaining oil and gas. The analysis of well logging data indicates encouraging petrophysical indicators for the Matulla sandstones, suggesting their potential as reservoirs in the studied fields. These reservoirs exhibit a moderate net pay thickness ranging from 25 to 400 feet, a fair to good net/gross ratio between 0.07 and 0.68, low shale content ranging from 0.03 to 0.20, excellent effective porosity ranging from 0.10 to 0.20, minimal water saturation ranging from 0.10 to 0.35, and high hydrocarbon saturation ranging from 0.65 to 0.90. The obtained results revealed that the Matulla Formation is being considered as a prospective hydrocarbon reservoir in addition to the widely recognized Nubia sandstones and Miocene reservoirs in both Rabeh field and Edfu-Saqara field. Moreover, the constructed iso-parametric maps for the calculated petrophysical parameters in the Rabeh field recommend a strategic focus on the eastern side of the Rabeh field for potential drilling locations, given the presence of high-quality Matulla sandstone reservoirs in that area.

This paper examines one of the epithets throughout the texts of Edfu where a dominating Horus of Behdety interacts with the forces of chaos as a lion by trampling, retreating, smiting and devouring. The textual sources contain lexical expressions of this epithet and provide the visual metaphors as dramatic scenes of the god's domination. Also they show Horus as the upholder of the legitimacy of the kingship and the defeater lion over any transgressors. Furthermore he played a beneficent role toward the two lands of Egypt, his sacred mound, his chapel, his divine character and Osiris with Isis.

Archaeological sites in Upper Egypt, especially Edfu Temple, are considered a wealth of human civilization and are irreplaceable. Deterioration of archaeological sites due to environmental changes in Edfu city include disintegration and exfoliation of stones, dissolution of building materials, loss of moral paintings, crystallization of salts in walls and columns, stone bleeding, destruction of wall paintings and texts, decreasing of durability of monumental stones, and discolouring. Recently, the archaeological field has received a lot of interest from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users to observe the impact of environmental changes on archaeological sites during long periods. CORONA, LANDSAT, and SENTINEL-2A satellite images are our tools in detecting the changes around the study area and creating innovative solutions. Results from the analysis conducted suggest that most of the environmental changes in the study area are caused by uncontrolled urban sprawling and rising groundwater levels due to agricultural and urban expansion. The proximity of agricultural lands to archaeological areas has also affected the rise in groundwater levels. This has also played an important role in the transfer of chemical contaminants with the leaking water of soil to these archaeological sites, resulting in the growth of salt crystals. In this research, the environmental hazards and their effects are being observed for the archaeological sites of Edfu city (Upper Egypt). A comprehensive analysis has been conducted for the Horus Temple considering its building material, soil characteristics and environmental setting. Finally, we have created some models to protect the archaeological sites from environmental changes by the integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques.

The history of Ptolemaic Egypt has usually been doubly isolated--separated both from the history of other Hellenistic states and from the history of ancient Egypt.The Last Pharaohs, the first detailed history of Ptolemaic Egypt as a state, departs radically from previous studies by putting the Ptolemaic state firmly in the context of both Hellenistic and Egyptian history. More broadly still, J. G. Manning examines the Ptolemaic dynasty in the context of the study of authoritarian and premodern states, shifting the focus of study away from modern European nation-states and toward ancient Asian ones. By analyzing Ptolemaic reforms of Egyptian economic and legal structures,The Last Pharaohsgauges the impact of Ptolemaic rule on Egypt and the relationships that the Ptolemaic kings formed with Egyptian society. Manning argues that the Ptolemies sought to rule through--rather than over--Egyptian society. He tells how the Ptolemies, adopting a pharaonic model of governance, shaped Egyptian society and in turn were shaped by it. Neither fully Greek nor wholly Egyptian, the Ptolemaic state within its core Egyptian territory was a hybrid that departed from but did not break with Egyptian history. Integrating the latest research on archaeology, papyrology, theories of the state, and legal history, as well as Hellenistic and Egyptian history,The Last Pharaohsdraws a dramatically new picture of Egypt's last ancient state.

The article takes a closer look at a specific feature of the Nile, and more in particular an aspect of its life bringing inundation known to the ancient Egyptians priests as Hehu (\"infinity\"). This facet of the inundation occurs over a dozen times among the gifts brought by offering bearers in hydrological processions on the soubassement in the Horus temple of Edfu, the Hathor temple of Dendara and the small Isis temple of Dendara between the reigns of Ptolemaios IV Philopator (221–204 BC) and Emperor Nero (54–68 AD). The study of the inscriptions accompanying this specific personification of the Nile inundation indicates the existence of patterns in the distribution of these texts not only within a single temple (e.g. from one chapel to the next), but also between temples over time and space. Many of the inscriptions also show the use of stylistic literary devices, such as alliteration or paronomasia.

Linen, with a great variety of characteristics and designated by a large number of different terms, is one of the most typical offerings presented to the gods in many temple rituals (Pécoil 1981; Cauville 2011: 115–20). One recurring type is the four strips of mnḫ.t-linen, each of which was probably in a different colour (or shade of colour) but offered together. In these scenes, the king presents the ḥḏ.t -(white), the w3ḏ.t -(green), the jrtjw-, and the jdmj-linen. The precise colour of the first two textiles is obvious, but scholars have been involved in a lengthy discussion about the

This chapter contains sections titled: A Time of Chaos? The First Intermediate Period at Saqqara Town Cemeteries of the Late Old Kingdom ‘A Man without Equal’: Ankhtify at Moalla A Time of Chaos Revisited: Destruction and Restoration?