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"Edirne"
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Hasan Hüsâmeddîn-i Fehmî’nin Kâmil Efendi’ye Manzum Mektubu
Yazma eser kütüphanelerinde bulunan mecmualar çok çeşitli edebî ve ilmî malzemeyi barındırması cihetinden oldukça önemlidir. İlaç tarifinden şiirlere, ökült ilimlerden tarihî anekdotlara kadar mecmualarda birçok bilgi mevcuttur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında sadece edebiyat değil sosyal bilimlerin hemen tüm disiplinlerin çalışacağı konular, mecmualarda bulunmaktadır. Mecmualarda bulunan unsurlardan birisi de manzum veya mensur olarak yazılmış mektuplardır. Mektupların derlendiği münşeat mecmuaları olduğu gibi söz konusu mektuplar diğer mecmualarda veya yazma eserlerde de bulunmaktadırlar. Çalışmasını gerçekleştirdiğimiz manzum mektup da bir mecmuanın içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bu mektuplardan birisi de İstanbul’dan Edirne’ye gönderilmiş olan ve bir cevap niteliği taşıyan Fehmî mahlası şairin nazmettiği mektuptur. Hasan Hüsâmeddîn el-Fehmî el-Mevlevî, Edirne’den İstanbul’a döndüğü sırada bir manzum mektup kaleme almıştır. Bu mektup Edirne Mevlevihanesi postnişini ve Yemek Risâlesi müellifi Şeyh Hacı Ali Eşref Dede’nin damadı olan Kudümzenbaşı Kâmil Efendi’ye gönderilmiştir. Çalışmamızın giriş kısmında mektup türüne dair özet bilgi verilecek, mektupların yapısı üzerine durulacak, klasik Türk edebiyatındaki manzum mektup yazma geleneğe dair literal bilgi verilecektir. Daha sonra söz konusu mektubun incelemesi yapılacaktır. Şairin aruz ve kafiye kullanımı üzerinde durulacak manzumenin dil ve üslup özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Şiirin muhtevası özetlenip şiirde geçen kişiler üzerinde durulacaktır. Eserin manzum mektup geleneği ile olan münasebeti ve mensur mektup kompozisyonu ile alan bağına dair analiz yapılacaktır. Son olarak yazma nüshanın tavsifi yapılıp çeviriyazılı metni sunulacaktır.
Journal Article
An Ambivalent Coexistence: Jews and Christians in Late Ottoman Edirne
This article discusses the relations between Jews and Christians in Edirne during the late Ottoman period. At the time, approximately half the city’s inhabitants were Greeks, and at least ten percent were Jews. The Jewish quarter of the city was surrounded by areas with a Greek majority, while a few Armenians also lived alongside the Greeks and Jews. Drawing on diverse sources from the Ladino, Hebrew, French, English, and Greek press, I argue that an ambivalent coexistence prevailed between Jews and Christians in Edirne, where hostility and enmity acted as catalysts for, rather than obstacles to, transculturation. Analysis of two case studies illustrate this ambivalent coexistence. The first concerns the reflection of the blood libel waged by Greeks in Istanbul in 1874 in Jewish and Armenian discourse in Edirne. The second is the discourse on the historical symbiosis between Jews and Greeks embodied in lectures by the
maskil
Abraham Danon in 1892 to a Greek audience in the city. Both issues sparked considerable interest among Jews and Christians, not only within the Ottoman Empire but also throughout the global Jewish and Greek diasporas.
Journal Article
An Example of Neoclassical Civil Architecture in Kaleiçi, Edirne: İlhan Koman House
Kaleiçi, the initial settlement core of Edirne, holds historical significance as a dwelling place for non-Muslim communities. Distinguished from other Turkish districts by its grid-shaped (Hippodamus) settlement pattern and unique residences, Kaleiçi boasts several well-preserved historical houses. Among them is the İlhan Koman House, constructed by a Greek doctor, shedding light on the social and cultural fabric of its era. Despite its noteworthy architecture and ornamentation, the İlhan Koman House has yet to undergo a comprehensive study. This study aims to fill that gap, serving as a valuable resource for studying residential architecture and wall painting. The objective is to contribute to the field of art history by conducting a holistic assessment of the house’s architectural and ornamental features. Through this study, the house’s significance in both Edirne’s urban architecture and Ottoman residential design is sought to be unveiled. To achieve this, relevant literature and archives were meticulously scanned before conducting an on-site examination. The collected data from thorough research and analysis provided the foundation for a detailed evaluation of the İlhan Koman House. The goal was to elucidate its position and importance among similar structures. The findings reveal that this two-storey wooden house embodies classical Ottoman residential architecture through its material technique and plan features. However, it also exhibits a distinct Western influence, evident in its pronounced neoclassical emphasis on facades. The house, designed to connect with the external environment through expansive windows and balconies, further incorporates ceiling decorations reminiscent of ancient Greek architecture. With its architectural and decorative elements reflecting the socio-cultural interactions of its time, the İlhan Koman House occupies a vital place in both Edirne’s urban landscape and Ottoman civil architecture.
Journal Article
A Historical Educational Building in Edirne: Bulgarian Catholic School and Its Architectural Features
In the 19th century, when the transition from traditional education to the modern education system was experienced in the Ottoman Empire, various modern educational institutions were established. Not only Muslims but also non-Muslims and foreigners opened many schools throughout the country. The Bulgarians, one of the substantial communities living in Edirne, which is adjacent to the capital Istanbul, opened many schools in the province. One of them was the Bulgarian Catholic School. This school was opened in the second half of the 19th century by the Resurrectionists, a group affiliated with the Polish Catholic sect, to spread the Catholic sect among the Bulgarians. This school first became operational in an existing wooden structure. Then, a two-storey masonry building was built in 1839 in this area, and after 1907, with the addition of a new masonry building, the school turned into a magnificent structure. Although the educational function of the building was interrupted in the 1930s, it was opened in the 1960s again. The building is still used for education today. This study is aimed to determine the historical, cultural, and architectural values of a Late Ottoman Period Bulgarian educational building in Edirne, which constitutes a singular example for the region. The purpose of usage and architectural development of the building has been revealed in the Ottoman Archive documents. Its importance has been emphasized in the context of education and architectural history, and the necessity of its conservation has been indicated.
Journal Article
Representation of Sultan in The Edirne Üç Şerefeli Mosque: Non Existing Mahfil-i Hümâyûn and Kasr-ı Hümâyûn
In Islamic architecture, the units assigned to the emperors to perform prayers with their entourages were called maksûre or mahfil. These units, also called hunkâr mahfili or mahfil-i hümâyûn are particularly seen in selâtin mosques to perform the Friday and Eid prayers of the sultans, as well as the isha prayers on the holy nights. The hunkâr mahfili of Edirne Üç Şerefeli Mosque, one of the examples of these structures is our subject of study. Üç Şerefeli Mosque was built by architect Muslihiddin by the torder of The Sultan Murad II between the years 1437- 1447. The structure, named after its minaret with three balconies (üç şerefeli), is also extremely important in Ottoman architecture with its central plan and the court with cloistered fountain. It is known that there was a hunkâr mahfili in the southeast corner of the sanctuary, and it is mentioned as “mahfil-i hümâyûn” in the renovation books dating from 1753, 1759, and 1763. The first window of the mosque’s east facade, toward the kiblah, has been converted to be the entrance gate to this hunkâr mahfili. The mahfil and the pavilion, which do not exist today, were demolished in 1935. Within the scope of this study, the sultan’s mahfil and pavilion, which had been demolished, will be introduced and evaluated with similar examples in terms of architectural features and construction tradition.
Journal Article
OTTOMAN CERAMIC TILES IN THE MIHRAB OF AL-MURADIYYA MOSQUE 839 AH./1435 AD. IN EDIRNE, TURKEY
The paper aims to study a collection of Ottoman ceramic tiles in the mihrab of Al-Muradiyya Mosque in Edirne archaeologically and artistically. These tiles were decorated with various decorative elements, including inscriptions, floral ornaments, geometric shapes, and architectural elements. They were the best Ottoman ceramic tiles in terms of the industrial and decorative style in the first half of the 9th H./15th G. century. The methodology of the paper included three domains: The descriptive study, analytical study, and comparative study. It was followed by the conclusion and results.
Journal Article
Indoor radon (222Rn) measurements and assessment of human risk in the dwellings of Edirne (Türkiye)
A
222
Rn survey and analysis for dwellings in Edirne (Türkiye) were performed to secure the radiological safety of persons and to provide information on the reduction of
222
Rn exposure. Measurements of the
222
Rn activity concentration, together with meteorological conditions were carried out using an AlphaGuard 2000 Pro monitor. Excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) and annual effective dose rates (AEDs) were estimated to indicate associated human health risks. The mean indoor radon concentration was within the reference value of 200–300 Bq m
−3
as suggested by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and World Health Organization (WHO).
Journal Article
Evliyā Çelebī's Journey from Bursa to the Dardanelles and Edirne
Evliyā Çelebī's Journey from Bursa to the Dardanelles and Edirne is an edition and translation of the relevant section from Evliyā's Book of Travels detailing the 29-day journey he undertook in the autumn of 1659 from Bursa to Edirne via the Dardanelles strait.
eBook
Sustainable Paddy Farming in Edirne: Evaluating the Impacts of Excessive Fertilizer and Pesticide Use
This study examines the environmental and economic impacts of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use in paddy fields in Edirne Province, Türkiye. Chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, are crucial for boosting paddy yield and ensuring food security. However, recent trends indicate significant potassium deficiency and excessive pesticide use, leading to environmental degradation and higher production costs. Incorrect fertilization techniques and pesticide usage can lower product quality and yield, adversely affecting farmers’ incomes and the national economy. Surveying 139 paddy farmers, the research found that farmers apply the herbicidal active ingredients Tefuryltrione, Clomazone, Tembotrione, and Quinclorac at rates of 129.35%, 34.27%, 18.06%, and 155.29% above the recommended levels, respectively. The excessive use of pesticides costs each farmer an additional USD 925.67, totaling USD 5.32 million for Edirne. The majority of farmers (69.2%) do not conduct soil analysis, indicating a potential gap in adopting the best practices for soil management and fertilization. Farmers use 84% less potassium than recommended while applying nitrogen and phosphorus 13% and 14% above the recommended levels, respectively. The extra cost of fertilizer use in Edirne is calculated as USD 833,135.49. This situation harms the economy and may have adverse effects on the environment and potential health effects on consumers.
Journal Article