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The \"Race To The Top\" program strongly advocates the use of computer technology in assessments. It dramatically promotes computer-based testing, linear or adaptive, in K-12 state assessment programs. Moreover, assessment requirements driven by this federal initiative exponentially increase the complexity in assessment design and test development. This book provides readers with a review of the history and basics of computer-based tests. It also offers a macro perspective for designing such assessment systems in the K-12 setting as well as a micro perspective on new challenges such as innovative items, scoring of such items, cognitive diagnosis, and vertical scaling for growth modeling and value added approaches to assessment. The editors' goal is to provide readers with necessary information to create a smarter computer-based testing system by following the advice and experience of experts from education as well as other industries. This book is based on a conference (http://marces.org/workshop.htm) held by the Maryland Assessment Research Center for Education Success. It presents multiple perspectives including test vendors and state departments of education, in designing and implementing a computer-based test in the K-12 setting. The design and implementation of such a system requires deliberate planning and thorough considerations. The advice and experiences presented in this book serve as a guide to practitioners and as a good source of information for quality control. The technical issues discussed in this book are relatively new and unique to K-12 large-scale computer-based testing programs, especially due to the recent federal policy. Several chapters provide possible solutions to psychometricians dealing with the technical challenges related to innovative items, cognitive diagnosis, and growth modeling in computer-based linear or adaptive tests in the K-12 setting. (DIPF/Verlag).

In this book, leading scholars from multiple disciplines present their latest research on how to best measure complex knowledge, skills, and abilities using technology-based assessments. All authors discuss theoretical and practical implications from their research and outline their visions for the future of technology-based assessments. Chapters Two through Seven discuss game-based or simulation-based assessments developed using the ECD [Evidence Centered Design] framework. In Chapter 8, the authors present 'Good Assessment for Twentyfirstcentury Education' (GATE) and outline a framework for using games as assessments. In Chapter 9, the authors present an architecture for game-based assessment and describe relationships of learning goals, cognitive demands, and domain and task features. Chapters 10 and 11 focus specifically on using technology to assess inquiry learning. In Chapters 12, 13, and 14, the authors use cognitive load theory as a framework for designing technology-based assessments. The volume concludes with two Chapters, which explore technology-based assessments at a meta-level. (DIPF/Orig./pr).

The use of e-learning strategies in teaching is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in higher education. Online Learning and Assessment in Higher Education recognises the key decisions that need to be made by lecturers in order to introduce e-learning into their teaching. An overview of the tools for e-learning is provided, including the use of Web 2.0 and the issues surrounding the use of e-learning tools such as resources and support and institutional policy. The second part of the book focuses on e-assessment; design principles, different forms of online assessment and the benefits and limitations of e-assessment. Provides an accessible introduction to teaching with technologyAddresses the basic aspects of decision-making for successful introduction of e-learning, drawing on relevant pedagogical principles from contemporary learning theoriesCrosses boundaries between the fields of higher education and educational technology (within the discipline of education), drawing on discourse from both areas

Creative problem solving, collaboration, and technology fluency are core skills requisite of any nation's workforce that strives to be competitive in the 21st Century. Teaching these types of skills is an economic imperative, and assessment is a fundamental component of any pedagogical program. Yet, measurement of these skills is complex due to the interacting factors associated with higher order thinking and multifaceted communication. Advances in assessment theory, educational psychology, and technology create an opportunity to innovate new methods of measuring students' 21st Century Skills with validity, reliability, and scalability.In this book, leading scholars from multiple disciplines present their latest research on how to best measure complex knowledge, skills, and abilities using technology-based assessments. All authors discuss theoretical and practical implications from their research and outline their visions for the future of technology-based assessments.

The Race To The Top program strongly advocates the use of computer technology in assessments. It dramatically promotes computer-based testing, linear or adaptive, in K-12 state assessment programs. Moreover, assessment requirements driven by this federal initiative exponentially increase the complexity in assessment design and test development. This book provides readers with a review of the history and basics of computer-based tests. It also offers a macro perspective for designing such assessment systems in the K-12 setting as well as a micro perspective on new challenges such as innovative items, scoring of such items, cognitive diagnosis, and vertical scaling for growth modeling and value added approaches to assessment. The editors' goal is to provide readers with necessary information to create a smarter computer-based testing system by following the advice and experience of experts from education as well as other industries.This book is based on a conference (http://marces.org/workshop.htm) held by the Maryland Assessment Research Center for Education Success. It presents multiple perspectives including test vendors and state departments of education, in designing and implementing a computer-based test in the K-12 setting. The design and implementation of such a system requires deliberate planning and thorough considerations. The advice and experiences presented in this book serve as a guide to practitioners and as a good source of information for quality control.The technical issues discussed in this book are relatively new and unique to K-12 large-scale computer-based testing programs, especially due to the recent federal policy. Several chapters provide possible solutions to psychometricians dealing with the technical challenges related to innovative items, cognitive diagnosis, and growth modeling in computer-based linear or adaptive tests in the K-12 setting.

Uneducated Guesses challenges everything our policymakers thought they knew about education and education reform, from how to close the achievement gap in public schools to admission standards for top universities. In this explosive book, Howard Wainer uses statistical evidence to show why some of the most widely held beliefs in education today--and the policies that have resulted--are wrong. He shows why colleges that make the SAT optional for applicants end up with underperforming students and inflated national rankings, and why the push to substitute achievement tests for aptitude tests makes no sense. Wainer challenges the thinking behind the enormous rise of advanced placement courses in high schools, and demonstrates why assessing teachers based on how well their students perform on tests--a central pillar of recent education reforms--is woefully misguided. He explains why college rankings are often lacking in hard evidence, why essay questions on tests disadvantage women, why the most grievous errors in education testing are not made by testing organizations--and much more.

Formative assessment has recently become a focus of renewed research as state and federal policy-makers realize that summative assessments have reached a point of diminishing returns as a tool for increasing student achievement. Consequently, supporters of large-scale testing programs are now beginning to consider the potential of formative assessments to improve student achievement. The mission of this handbook is to comprehensively profile this burgeoning field of study. Written by leading international scholars and practitioners, each chapter includes a discussion of key issues that dominate formative assessment policy and practice today, as well as those that are likely to affect research and practice in the coming years. (DIPF/Orig.).

回沖效應（washback effect）為測驗引導教學的影響，且愈具風險的測驗，將產生愈大的回沖效應。由英國劍橋大學國際考評部發佈的國際中學教育普通證書（IGCSE）中文課程，測驗對象為14至16歲的學生，在全球145個國家，超過5,500所學校實施。然而，對此具相當代表性的測驗，目前探討IGCSE中文測驗如何影響華語教與學的研究付之闕如。 本研究目的在探討其測驗目標與CEFR A2級的能力描述之對應關係，以及測驗目標與測驗內容之對應情形，並根據對應結果發展以回沖效應為本的教學活動設計。本研究採內容分析法，共分兩個研究：研究一旨在探討IGCSE測驗目標與CEFR能力描述之對應，輔以Bloom認知領域教育目標分類架構分析測驗目標的層次分佈。研究二以研究一發展的架構，分析IGCSE試卷在聽說讀寫各試題與目標的對應關係。最後，本研究統整研究一、二之分析結果，應用至以回沖效應為本的教學活動設計，採ADDIE設計模式，提出為期四週的主題式教學設計方案。 研究結果顯示：多有單一IGCSE目標與多個CEFR能力描述對應之情形；值得注意的是有三個口語測驗目標無法直接與CEFR溝通策略的能力描述對應之情形。此外，關於試卷分析亦發現：特定測驗目標之出現頻率高於該技能中的其他目標，可能即為IGCSE測試之重點。最後，本研究以回沖效應觀點整合分析結果，詳實舉例如何融入測驗目標之不同權重於教學，以發揮正向的回沖效應。整體研究結果預期能為相關國際學校在規劃課程或發展測驗評量等實務工作提供參考價值。

Structural Equation Model (SEM) with missing data is common in empirical studies. This thesis examined the use of auxiliary variables in inclusive strategies as well as the assessment of fit in SEM when data are Missing at Random (MAR). Study-1 showed that the high-order items (e.g., interaction or quadratic terms) could be essential for an effective inclusive strategy, even in instances when we are certain that the inclusive strategy only with the linear items has already achieved MAR. The non-parsimony by these inclusive items does not impair the parsimony in the eventual interpretation of the model. Study-2 provided empirical estimates of a safe sample size to include fixed covariates in regression analyses. Each increment of 55 in the sample size would allow the entry of one more covariate to the model with the assurance that the confidence radius of the original parameters will increase less than 1% at the probability level of 99.9%. Furthermore, Study-2 supported that suppression of sampling error throu