Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
306,794
result(s) for
"Effectiveness"
Sort by:
Registry-based randomized controlled trials- what are the advantages, challenges, and areas for future research?
Registry-based randomized controlled trials are defined as pragmatic trials that use registries as a platform for case records, data collection, randomization, and follow-up. Recently, the application of registry-based randomized controlled trials has attracted increasing attention in health research to address comparative effectiveness research questions in real-world settings, mainly due to their low cost, enhanced generalizability of findings, rapid consecutive enrollment, and the potential completeness of follow-up for the reference population, when compared with conventional randomized effectiveness trials. However several challenges of registry-based randomized controlled trials have to be taken into consideration, including registry data quality, ethical issues, and methodological challenges. In this article, we summarize the advantages, challenges, and areas for future research related to registry-based randomized controlled trials.
Journal Article
Performance dashboards
\"Tips, techniques, and trends on harnessing dashboard technology to optimize business performance In Performance Dashboards, Second Edition, author Wayne Eckerson explains what dashboards are, where they can be used, and why they are important to measuring and managing performance. As Director of Research for The Data Warehousing Institute, a worldwide association of business intelligence professionals, Eckerson interviewed dozens of organizations that have built various types of performance dashboards in different industries and lines of business. Their practical insights explore how you can effectively turbo-charge performance-management initiatives with dashboard technology. Includes all-new case studies, industry research, news chapters on \"Architecting Performance Dashboards\" and \"Launching and Managing the Project\" and updated information on designing KPIs, designing dashboard displays, integrating dashboards, and types of dashboards. Provides a solid foundation for understanding performance dashboards, business intelligence, and performance management. Addresses the next generation of performance dashboards, such as Mashboards and Visual Discovery tools, and including new techniques for designing dashboards and developing key performance indicators. Offers guidance on how to incorporate predictive analytics, what-if modeling, collaboration, and advanced visualization techniques. This updated book, which is 75% rewritten, provides a foundation for understanding performance dashboards, business intelligence, and performance management to optimize performance and accelerate results.\"--
eBook
An assessment method for mega-constellation networks based on connected component calculation
Regarding the vulnerability assessment of mega-constellation networks, a complex network model of a space-ground integrated network is established. The characteristics and functions of each node unit are sorted out, and the information connectivity and interaction relationships among various units under multiple constraints are analyzed. The largest connected component is selected as the characteristic quantity reflecting the overall effectiveness of the complex network. According to the specific characteristics of the proposed complex network, the concept of the partition-critical node set is defined, and it is solved and verified based on the idea of betweenness centrality. In the simulation of the vulnerability assessment of the mega-constellation network, the assessment method based on the calculation of the largest connected component proposed in this paper is proven to be able to effectively and real-timely reflect the changing trend of network performance. This method demonstrates its reliability in the research of the anti-destruction technology of mega-constellation networks and provides a new perspective for the effectiveness assessment of mega-constellation networks.
Journal Article
Toward More \Evidence-Informed\ Policy Making?
The quality of public decision making depends significantly on the quality of analysis and advice provided through public organizations. Champions of \"evidence-informed\" policy making claim that rigorous evaluation practices can significantly improve attainment of cost-effective outcomes. After decades of experience, performance information is more sophisticated, but evaluation practices and capabilities vary enormously. Public agencies gather and process vast amounts of information, but there has been little analysis of how this information is actually utilized for policy and program improvement. This article examines how government agencies use evidence about policy and program effectiveness, with attention to four themes: (1) the prospects for improving \"evidence-informed\" policy making, (2) the diversity of practices concerning evidence utilization and evaluation across types of public agencies and policy arenas, (3) recent attempts to \"institutionalize\" evaluation as a core feature of policy development and budget approval, and (4) the relationships between public agencies and nongovernmental sources of expertise.
Journal Article
Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for health care decision-making in South Africa
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness thresholds are important decision rules that determine whether health interventions represent good value for money. In low- and middle-income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) one to three times per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted has been the most widely used threshold for informing resource allocation decisions. However, in 2016, the WHO withdrew recommendations for using this threshold, creating a significant vacuum in South Africa and many countries that rely on results of cost-effectiveness analyses for making resource allocation decisions. This study estimates a cost-effectiveness threshold that reflects the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa using a three-step approach. First, marginal returns to health spending was estimated as health spending elasticity for crude death rates using a fixed effect estimation approach. Second, the opportunity cost of health spending was estimated as DALYs averted. Finally, a cost per DALY averted threshold was estimated as the inverse of the marginal product of health spending. We show that 1% of total health spending in 2015 (equivalent to approximately ZAR 1.54 billion/USD 120.7 million) averted 1050 deaths, 34 180 years of life lost, 5880 years lived with disability and 40 055 DALYs. The cost-effectiveness threshold was estimated at approximately ZAR 38 500 (USD 3015) per DALY averted, ∼53% of South Africa’s per capita GDP in 2015 (ZAR 72 700/USD 5700) and lower than the previously recommended one to three times per capita GDP. As South Africa moves towards implementing universal health coverage reforms through National Health Insurance by 2025, the adoption of a threshold that reflects health opportunity costs will be crucial for ensuring efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources. This study provides useful insight into the magnitude of the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa and highlights the need for further research.
Journal Article