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Since 2004, economic reforms in Egypt have led to robust expansion, a healthy external position, and enhanced investor confidence. But despite these positive macroeconomic developments, inflation has been steadily rising. Does fiscal policy threaten price stability? Does wage growth in the Egyptian economy lead price inflation, or is it the reverse? In this volume, these and other questions are examined by contributors who participated in a conference held in Cairo in late 2007. Here is a coherent and comprehensive analysis of the factors driving prices in Egypt, in an attempt to find a satisfactory balance between prices and economic growth. While Egypt is the focus of the analysis, the papers draw upon the relevant literature, and international experience, the findings can be applied to other middle-income economies. This timely study helps to explain the complex issues facing economists and policymakers, with proposals for reform. Contributors: Hala Abou-Ali, Hala Fares, Omneia A. Helmy, Alaa Ibrahim, Hanaa Kheir-El-Din, Rania Al-Mashat, Diaa Noureldin, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, and Sherine Al-Shawarby.

About ECES -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Index

Most governments in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region use trade policy to protect certain industries, provide tax incentives to promote a particular type of investment, and make subsidized credit available to firms of a certain size. Such government intervention, known as industrial policy, is the topic of this book. The aim is to assess whether state intervention leads to net benefits to society, why policymakers intervene, and how to bring about a healthier balance between states and markets. Answers to these questions are given in six chapters based on research papers that were presented at a conference held in Cairo in November 2005, and include case studies on Egypt, Morocco, Turkey, and Jordan.Contributors: Hasan Ersel, Ahmed Galal, Najib Harabi, Nihal El Megharbel, Mustapha Nabli, and Marcus Noland.An Egyptian Center for Economic Studies / World Bank Publication.

United States Embassy. South Africa reports in an Internal security plan for South Africa that South Africa-United States relations are based on [Trade; Investments]; United States Embassy. South Africa reports that South Africa allied itself with the U.S. during [World War I (1914-1918); World War II (1939-1945); Korean War (1950-1953)] and is both an asset for United States policy because of its opposition to Communism and a liability because of Apartheid and South African policy toward South West Africa; United States interests in South Africa are based on South Africa's Shipping lanes and willingness to accept Tracking stations operated by the U.S. within its territory; United States Embassy. South Africa reports that the [Congress Alliance (South Africa); Congress of Democrats (South Africa); African National Congress (South Africa); South African Indian Congress; Coloured Peoples' Congress (South Africa); South African Congress of Trade Unions] are dominated by Communists and characterizes the Pan Africanist Congress (South Africa) as \"an extreme right wing\" organization; United States Embassy. South Africa reports that the African National Congress (South Africa) was created to carry out Sabotage and states that the Arrests in July 1962 of Nelson Mandela occurred after he planned Subversive activities; Umkonto we Sizwe (South Africa) is described; African National Congress (South Africa) is reported to have arranged Military training for its members in Paramilitary operations in [China (People's Republic); Cuba; Egypt; Morocco; Ghana] and in Soviet Bloc countries; Pan Africanist Congress (South Africa) reportedly sends Blacks to Tanganyika for Military training; South Africa is reportedly open to Infiltration through [Bechuanaland; Swaziland; Basutoland] but not through [Angola; Mozambique; Rhodesia (Southern)] because of the latter's Intergovernmental cooperation with South Africa; United States Embassy. South Africa assesses [Political conditions; Economic conditions; Economic development; Public revenues; Internal security] in South Africa as well as the Homelands policy of the Verwoerd Administration (1958-1966); South Africa. Police are reportedly capable of suppressing widespread Political violence but not of preventing individual acts of Sabotage nor Arms smuggling into South Africa; United States policy toward South Africa includes criticism of Apartheid because apartheid encourages the spread of Communism in South Africa and undermines United States influence in Sub-Saharan Africa; United States interests are served when the [United Nations; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; International Monetary Fund] press for change in South African policy; United States Embassy. South Africa opposes Intelligence exchanges with South Africa but favors intensified Propaganda efforts by the United States Information Service in opposition to Communism and calls for the U.S. to provide [Military equipment; Military training] to the South African Defense Force; Foreign investments in South Africa are valued at $4 billion; United States Embassy. South Africa recommends \"token integration\" of the South African Defense Force and the involvement of the South Africa. Army in Development projects for Blacks; U.S. Department of State recommends that [Louis Armstrong; Harry Belafonte] visit [Bechuanaland; Swaziland; Basutoland] and calls for the participation of black Youth in Educational exchanges