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Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the single non-transferable vote
In recent years there has been a marked resurgence of interest in the effects of electoral laws on important aspects of politics such as party competition. In this volume, a distinguished group of scholars looks at the impact of one set of electoral rules--the single non-transferable vote--on electoral competition in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Under this plan citizens are allowed one vote even though there is more than one seat to be filled. In comparative studies of the adoption and rejection of the single nontransferable vote and the consequences of its use across different settings, the contributors explore the differences in the operation and effects of the application of the same rule in different countries. Arguing that any single feature of a political system is embedded in a political structure and cannot be understood in isolation, the authors demonstrate how the same rule can have different consequences depending on the context in which it operates. The contributors offer fresh insights into the comparative study of political institutions as well as into the operation of particular electoral rules.
In addition to the editors, the contributors include Kathleen Bawn, John Boland, Jean-Marie Bouissou, Gary Cox, John Fu-Sheng Hsieh, Arend Lijphart, Emerson Niou, Steven R. Reed, and Frances Rosenbluth, among others.
Bernard Grofman is Professor of Political Science, University of California at Irvine. Edwin A. Winckler is at the East Asian Institute, Columbia University. Brian Woodall is Assistant Professor in the School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology. Sung-Chull Lee is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of California at Irvine.
eBook
Institutions, Incentives and Electoral Participation in Japan
American and European political scientists have claimed that subnational elections almost always record lower voter turnout than national elections. In Japan, however, municipal elections often record considerably higher turnout than national elections, particularly in small towns and villages. Institutions, Incentives and Electoral Participation in Japan theoretically and empirically explores this puzzling 'turnout twist' phenomenon from comparative perspectives. Based on the rational-choice approach, the book hypothesizes that relative voter turnout in subnational vs. national elections is determined by the relative magnitudes of how much is at stake ('election significance') and how much votes count ('vote significance') in these elections.
eBook
Japan decides 2014 : the Japanese general election
\"The 2014 Japanese election was framed as a referendum on Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's signature 'Abenomics' policies. This 'bait and switch' election saw the focus on Abenomics give little indication of the policy changes to come immediately after the polls closed. Collecting original and high-quality analysis by top scholars from Japan, the United States, Australia, and Europe, this volume analyzes and explains the results of the 2014 election. Chapters examine each of the major political parties, central policy issues, campaign practices, questions of gender, and consider how the results were used as a mandate for massive policy reforms. The text reveals the true significance of this election, provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of Japanese Politics and is vital reading for anyone interested in Japanese electoral politics, as well as comparative electoral practices\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Japanese Electoral Politics
The old Japanese single-party system collapsed in 1993, but a new system has not yet fully evolved. Following the most significant party reform in Japanese history, this book analyses the most recent national elections, examining voter behaviour and how it is influenced. It provides a comprehensive overview of Japanese politics from 1955 to 1993 and a detailed historical study of events leading up to the 1996 and 2000 elections, before presenting statistical analysis of the elections themselves. The authors then look to the future, anticipating what form the new political system will take. Japanese Electoral Politics contains four very detailed case studies and a wealth of new data. It will appeal to students and researchers of Japanese politics and elections and electoral systems.
eBook
Malfunctioning democracy in Japan
Many advanced countries are facing a shared problem that democracy is not functioning as well as it should. Malfunctioning Democracy in Japan: Quantitative Analysis in a Civil Society, by Yoshiaki Kobayashi, investigates the causes of these problems using Japan as a particular case study. Kobayashi begins with a discussion of the current functionality of democracy in Japan. These first chapters examine whether pledges given by political parties are ever fulfilled, which factors affect campaign pledges given by candidates at each election, and if there are discrepancies between public opinion and party policies. The next sections focus on the behavior of politicians and the behavior of voters. Kobayashi conducts a macro-analysis using aggregate data such as demographic and economic data, and then moves to micro-analysis using individual-level data to clarify precisely which factors determine voting behavior. Part Five approaches the elections which were held after Japan's political reform, inclusive of the 2009 lower house election which caused significant changes. Kobayashi considers point-of-view of issue voting-voting on the basis of the preference of party policies-and point-of-view of retrospective voting-voting on the basis of the evaluation of government performance. Finally, Malfunctioning Democracy in Japan makes proposals for political reform. Kobayashi's last chapter turns to the future and discusses both positive and possible changes to electoral systems, the registration of campaign pledges, the control over political influence on the public sector, and the eventual eradication of political corruption.
eBook
Making Outsiders' Votes Count: Detecting Electoral Fraud through a Natural Experiment
Weak electoral registration requirements are commonly thought to encourage electoral participation, but may also promote electoral fraud. As one possibility, candidates and their supporters can more easily mobilize voters who do not reside within the district to register there fraudulently and vote for that district's candidates. We statistically detect this classic type of electoral fraud for the first time, by taking advantage of a natural experimental setting in Japanese municipal elections. We argue that whether or not a municipal election was held in April 2003 can be regarded as an “as-if” randomly assigned treatment. A differences-in-differences analysis of municipality–month panel data shows that the increase in the new population just prior to April 2003 is significantly larger in treatment municipalities (with an election) than in control ones (without an election). The estimated effects are decisive enough to change the electoral results when the election is competitive. We argue that our approach—“election timing as treatment”—can be applied to investigate not only this type of electoral fraud but also electoral connections in other countries.
Journal Article
Policy Entrepreneurship and Elections in Japan
Ozawa Ichiro is one of the most important figures in Japanese politics, having held the positions of Chief Secretary of the Liberal Democrat Party and, after defection from the LDP, President of the Democratic Party of Japan. Ozawa has distinctive ideas that set him apart from the average Japanese politician, he believes in the concept of the independence of the individual, as opposed to the importance of the group, and as a policy entrepreneur he has had a huge impact on political change not only advocating but precipitating institutional change in a key political area - the election system.
Using extensive interview data from key players in the political arena, this book examines Ozawa's struggle to normalize alternation in office between two competingpolitical parties - particularly significant given the results of the 2009 election which handed over power to the Democratic Party of Japan - and how he has used his entrepreneurial talents to precipitate and carry out institutional change.
Not only a political biography, but also an in-depth analysis of the Japanese political and electoral systems, this book will be of huge interest to anyone interested in Japanese politics and electoral systems.
eBook