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Electron in action
Wouldn't it be great to build desktop applications using just your web dev skills? Electron is a framework designed for exactly that! Fully cross-platform, Electron lets you use JavaScript and Node to create simple, snappy desktop apps. Spinning up tools, games, and utilities with Electron is fast, practical, and fun! \"Electron in action\" teaches you to build cross-platform applications using JavaScript, Node, and the Electron framework. You'll learn how to think like a desktop deveoper as you build a text tool that reads and renders Markdown. You'll add OS-specific features like the file systems, menus, and clipboards, and use Chromium's tools to distribute the finished product. You'll even round off your learning with data storage, performance optimization, and testing.
Book
Determining photosynthetic control, a probe for the balance between electron transport and Calvin–Benson cycle activity, with the DUAL-KLAS-NIR
Photosynthetic Control is defined as the control imposed on photosynthetic electron transport by the lumen-pH-sensitive re-oxidation of plastoquinol (PQH2) by cytochrome b6f. Photosynthetic Control leads at higher actinic light intensities to an electron transport chain with a (relatively) reduced photosystem (PS) II and PQ pool and a (relatively) oxidized PS I. Making Light Curves of more than 33 plant species with the recently introduced DUAL-KLAS-NIR (Chl a fluorescence + the redox states of plastocyanin (PC), P700, and ferredoxin (Fd)) the light intensity-dependent induction of Photosynthetic Control was probed and characterized. It was observed that PC became completely oxidized at light intensities ≤ 400 µmol photons m−2 s−1 (at lower light intensities in shade than in sun leaves). The relationship between qP and P700(red) was used to determine the extent of Photosynthetic Control. Instead of measuring the whole Light Curve, it was shown that a single moderate light intensity can be used to characterize the status of a leaf relative to that of other leaves. It was further found that in some shade-acclimated leaves Fd becomes again more oxidized at high light intensities indicating that electron transfer from the PQ pool to P700 cannot keep up with the outflow of electrons on the acceptor side of PS I. It was observed as well that for NPQ-induction a lower light intensity (less acidified lumen) was needed than for the induction of Photosynthetic Control. The measurements were also used to make a comparison between the parameters qP and qL, a comparison suggesting that qP was the more relevant parameter.
Journal Article
Impact Value Improvement of Polycarbonate by Addition of Layered Carbon Fiber Reinforcement and Effect of Electron Beam Treatment
Polycarbonate (PC) is a highly recyclable thermoplastic with high impact strength that bodes well to re-melting extrusion and shredding for positive environmental impact. For the goal of improving impact strength further, layered carbon fiber (CF) reinforcement has been added between PC sheets by hot pressing at 6.0 MPa and 537 K for 8 min. An addition of cross-weave CF layer reinforcement to PC increased Charpy impact value, auc of the untreated [PC]4[CF]3 composite over that of untreated PC resin reported at all accumulative probabilities, Pf. At medial-Pf of 0.50, auc was increased 3.13 times (213%), while statistically lowest impact value as at Pf = 0 calculated by 3-parameter Weibull equation was boosted 2.64 times (164%). To optimize auc, effect of homogeneous electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) treatment of 43.2, 129, 216, 302, or 432 kGy at 170 kV acceleration voltage to the CF plies before assembly with PC then hot press was also investigated. The 216 kGy HLEBI dose appears to be optimum, raising as at Pf = 0 about 6.5% over that of untreated [PC]4[CF]3 and agrees with a previous study that showed 216 kGy to be optimum for static 3-point bending strength, when quality can be controlled. Electron spin resonance (ESR) data confirms 216 kGy HLEBI generates strong peaks in CF and PC indicating dangling bond (DB) generation. Bending strength increase was higher than that of impact due to lower test velocity and higher deformation area spreading along specimen length, allowing more DBs to take on the load. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data of CF top ~10 nm surface layer in the sizing confirms C–O–H, C–H, and C–O peak height from 216 kGy exhibited little or no change compared with untreated. However, 432 kGy increased the peak heights indicating enhanced adhesion to PC. However, 432 kGy degraded as at Pf = 0 of the [PC]4[CF]3, and is reported to decrease impact strength of PC itself by excess dangling bond formation. Thus, the 432 kGy created increased PC/CF adhesion, but degraded the PC resin. Therefore, 216 kGy of 170 kV-HLEBI appeared to be a well-balanced condition between the PC-cohesive force and PC/CF interface adhesive force when fabricating [PC]4[CF]3.
Journal Article
Preparation and Complex Characterisation of Stabilised Gold Nanoparticles: Biodistribution and Application for High Resolution In Vivo Imaging
The Turkevich method was optimized to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNP) stabilized by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) for µCT. Using various independent modalities, we thoroughly characterized the optimized PEG-AuNPs. Here, we show that PEG-AuNPs are retained in the blood and provide a high contrast in the high-resolution µCT imaging of blood vessels and inner organs. The biodistribution is characterized by prolonged circulation in the blood and accumulation in the liver, spleen and skin. The accumulation of AuNP in the skin resulted in the blue discoloration of eyes and the whole skin. In vitro experiments using a leukemic monocyte THP-1 cell line model expressing high levels of NLRP3 demonstrated that the NLRP3inflammasome was not activated by PEG AuNP. Over 9 months, the mice were scanned by µCT and were in good health. Scans in mice using PEG-stabilized AuNPs in this study were sharper, with a higher contrast, when compared to a commercial contrasting agent at the same dose. The PEG-AuNPs were morphologically and chemically stable for at least two years when stored in the refrigerator.
Journal Article
Increasing Cathode Potential of Homogeneous Low Voltage Electron Beam Irradiation (HLEBI) to Increase Impact Strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate and Characterization by XPS C1s and O1s Peaks
In an interlayered carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate (CFRPC) composite constructed of nine CF plies alternating between ten PC sheets, designated [PC]
[CF]
, applying homogeneous low voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) at 200 kV cathode potential, with
setting at a 43.2 kGy dose, to both finished sample surfaces resulted in a 47% increase in Charpy impact strength and
at median fracture probability (
) of 0.50 over that of untreated, from 118 kJm
to 173 kJm
. Increasingly higher
settings of 150, 175, and 200 kV successively increased
at median-
of 0.50 to 128, 155, and 173 kJm
, respectively. Strengthening is attributed to increasing the HLEBI penetration depth,
, into the sample thickness. Since the [PC]
[CF]
has an inhomogeneous structure,
is calculated for each ply successively into the thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed a hierarchy of fracture mechanisms from poor PC/CF adhesion in untreated; to sporadic PC adhesion with aggregated CF at 150 kV; to high consolidation of CFs by PC at 200 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) examination of the CF surface in the fracture area showed C1s carbonate O-(C=O)-O and ester O-(C=O)-R peak generation at 289 to 292 eV to be non-existent in untreated; well-defined at 150 kV; and increased in intensity at 200 kV, after which a reduction was observed at 225 kV. Moreover, the 200 kV yielded the largest area sp
peak at 49.5%, signifying an increase in graphitic edge planes in the CF, apparently as dangling bonds, for increased adhesion sites to PC. For O1s scan, 200 kV yielded the largest area O-(C=O)-O peak at 34%, indicating maximum PC adhesion to CF. At the higher 225 kV, increase in
at
of 0.50 was less, to 149 kJm
, and XPS indicated a lower amount of O-(C=O)-O groups, apparently by excess bond severing by the higher
setting.
Journal Article
Compressive failure mechanism and buckling analysis of the graded hierarchical bamboo structure
Bamboo is a unique unidirectional biocomposite, which consists of vascular bundles (VBs) as the reinforcement and parenchyma cells (PCs) as the matrix. The non-uniform distribution of VBs embedded in the matrix makes bamboo a functionally graded material. In order to investigate the compressive behavior of bamboo as a function of its components, compression tests were performed on specific bamboo samples with different VB volume fraction (
V
vb
), collected from different positions in the culm wall. The results show that both compressive strength and modulus increased linearly with
V
vb
, while the plastic deformation of samples in the compression decreased with increasing
V
vb
. This indicates that VBs dominate the compressive strength and modulus of bamboo, while the ductile performance of the bamboo is determined by the foam-like PCs. Scanning electron microscope observation indicated that VBs buckling were the main cause of failure. The Euler theory was applied to investigate the buckling behavior of bamboo blocks, showing that theoretical buckling strength when only considering the effect of VBs was much lower than with the test results, with the theoretical buckling strength being closer to test results when considering both the effect of VBs and PCs. It is therefore necessary to consider the contribution of PCs to resist buckling in bamboo, as their foam-like structure can effectively prevent the large-scale buckling of VBs.
Journal Article
Reduction Mechanism of NO Gas on Iron–Phthalocyanines (Fe–PCs): A DFT Investigation
Achieving the removal of the toxic nitric oxide (NO) gas efficiently and cheaply has always been a challenge. Herein, we systematically investigate the reduction mechanisms of NO on the surface of the Fe–PCs (PCs = phthalocyanines) using density functional theory calculations. The isolated iron atom not only plays the role of an adsorption and activation site for the NO molecule but also works as an electron transfer medium in the whole reaction process. The results indicate that the catalytic reduction of NO to N2 takes place through a continuous two-step pathway. The first step involves the reduction of NO to N2O through a competitive Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms with the energy barrier of 1.19 eV and 0.60 eV, respectively. The second step involves the reduction of N2O to N2 with an energy barrier of 0.91 eV. These reaction pathways are favorable thermodynamically, thus the Fe–PCs catalyst is a promising candidate for the abatement of NO gases.Graphic Abstract
Journal Article
Eco-Friendly Adhesion of Isosorbide-Based Polycarbonate
We investigated the practical adhesion of a conventional poly(vinyl alcohol) glue with a glassy isosorbide-based polycarbonate (ISB-PC) comprising isosorbide and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The addition of 1 wt.% of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and butenediol to the ISB-PC greatly improved its lap-shear strength. This improvement may be attributed to the dissolution of the copolymer chains in the ISB-PC, which had a low water droplet contact angle. Furthermore, the blend was transparent because most of the copolymer chains dissolved in the ISB-PC. Microplastics present a serious environmental issue, even for adhesives. Therefore, the present technique to modify ISB-PC to show good lap-shear strength with a biodegradable glue is attractive.
Journal Article
Shape dependent protein‐induced stabilization of gold nanoparticles: From a protein corona perspective
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising materials for many bioapplications. However, upon contacting with biological media, AuNPs undergo changes. The interaction with proteins results in the so‐called protein corona (PC) around AuNPs, leading to the new bioidentity and optical properties. Understanding the mechanisms of PC formation and its functions can help us to utilise its benefits and avoid its drawbacks. To date, most of the previous works aimed to understand the mechanisms governing PC formation and focused on the spherical nanoparticles, although non‐spherical nanoparticles are designed for a wide range of applications in biosensing. In this work, we investigated the differences in PC formation on spherical and anisotropic AuNPs (nanostars in particular) from the joint experimental (extinction spectroscopy, zeta potential and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering [SERS]) and computational methods (the finite element method and molecular dynamics [MD] simulations). We discovered that protein does not fully cover the surface of anisotropic nanoparticles, leaving SERS hot‐spots at the tips and high curvature edges ‘available’ for analyte binding (no SERS signal after pre‐incubation with protein) while providing protein‐induced stabilization (indicated by extinction spectroscopy) of the AuNPs by providing a protein layer around the particle's core. The findings are confirmed from our MD simulations, the adsorption energy significantly decreases with the increased radius of curvature, so that tips (adsorption energy: 2762.334 kJ/mol) would be the least preferential binding site compared to core (adsorption energy: 11819.263 kJ/mol). These observations will help the development of new nanostructures with improved sensing and targeting ability. Gold nanoparticles demonstrate unique, shape‐dependent protein interactions. The protein layers strongly adsorb onto the surface of the nanoparticles, which increases their stability. Protein does not entirely cover the surface of gold nanostars, but it provides stability with a protein layer around the core. These findings will support the creation of new nanostructures with enhanced sensing and targeting capabilities.
Journal Article
Preparation of cardan joint by selective laser sintering and properties of polyamide-12 and portland cement powder mixture
A homogeneous mixture of polyamide-12 (PA-12) and Portland cement (PC) powder material was prepared using the Sinterit sifter. Many techniques were used to detect morphological and functional properties. The scanning electron microscope confirms the proper mixing of both components. Thermal testing indicates that at 453.15 K, the change in molecular weight occurred more rapidly. The results of differential scanning calorimetry confirm that as the molecular weight increases, the glass transition temperature and melting temperature increase while the crystallization temperature of the material decreases. According to the results, a mixture of PA-12 and PC powder exhibits excellent mechanical properties, making it suitable for various applications. Thermally, mechanically, and chemically, they are often the best choice in the most demanding applications that require both high mechanical strength and durability at high temperatures. Due to this, polyamide powders and cement mixtures with narrow particle sizes show promise for additive manufacturing and selective laser sintering. This study focuses on developing a new mixture material by combining cement additives with PA-12 to reduce costs and enhance the mechanical properties of sintered specimens (cardan joints). The blended material will cost less than pure PA-12 because cement is significantly cheaper than PA-12.
Journal Article