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Data selves : more-than-human perspectives
\"As people use self-tracking devices and other digital technologies, they generate increasing quantities of personal information online. Lupton develops a fresh and intriguing perspective on how people make sense of and use their personal data, and what they know about others who use this information\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Electronic Monitoring Systems for Hand Hygiene: Systematic Review of Technology
Hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways of preventing health care-associated infections and reducing their transmission. Owing to recent advances in sensing technologies, electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems have been integrated into the daily routines of health care workers to measure their hand hygiene compliance and quality.
This review aims to summarize the latest technologies adopted in electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems and discuss the capabilities and limitations of these systems.
A systematic search of PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were initially screened and assessed independently by the 2 authors, and disagreements between them were further summarized and resolved by discussion with the senior author.
In total, 1035 publications were retrieved by the search queries; of the 1035 papers, 89 (8.60%) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were retained for review. In summary, 73 studies used electronic monitoring systems to monitor hand hygiene compliance, including application-assisted direct observation (5/73, 7%), camera-assisted observation (10/73, 14%), sensor-assisted observation (29/73, 40%), and real-time locating system (32/73, 44%). A total of 21 studies evaluated hand hygiene quality, consisting of compliance with the World Health Organization 6-step hand hygiene techniques (14/21, 67%) and surface coverage or illumination reduction of fluorescent substances (7/21, 33%).
Electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems face issues of accuracy, data integration, privacy and confidentiality, usability, associated costs, and infrastructure improvements. Moreover, this review found that standardized measurement tools to evaluate system performance are lacking; thus, future research is needed to establish standardized metrics to measure system performance differences among electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems. Furthermore, with sensing technologies and algorithms continually advancing, more research is needed on their implementation to improve system performance and address other hand hygiene-related issues.
Journal Article
The Warehouse
‘Work hard, have fun, make history’ proclaims the slogan on the walls of Amazon’s warehouses. This cheerful message hides a reality of digital surveillance, aggressive anti-union tactics and disciplinary layoffs. Reminiscent of the tumult of early industrial capitalism, the hundreds of thousands of workers who help Amazon fulfil consumers’ desire are part of an experiment in changing the way we all work.
In this book, Alessandro Delfanti takes readers inside Amazon’s warehouses to show how technological advancements and managerial techniques subdue the workers rather than empower them, as seen in the sensors that track workers’ every movement around the floor and algorithmic systems that re-route orders to circumvent worker sabotage. He looks at new technologies including robotic arms trained by humans and augmented reality goggles, showing that their aim is to standardise, measure and discipline human work rather than replace it.
Despite its innovation, Amazon will always need living labour’s flexibility and low cost. And as the warehouse is increasingly automated, worker discontent increases. Striking under the banner ‘we are not robots’, employees have shown that they are acutely aware of such contradictions. The only question remains: how long will it be until Amazon’s empire collapses?
eBook
Review and Analysis of Electronic Monitoring (EM) Minimum Standards for Pelagic Main Fishing Gear
Sun, Y.; Zhang, S.; Yang, S.; Zhou, W.; Cui, X., and Wu, Y., 2024. Review and analysis of electronic monitoring (EM) minimum standards for pelagic main fishing gear. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 816–825. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Observer systems for monitoring and collecting catch information from pelagic fisheries are essential in ensuring the sustainable harvesting of pelagic fisheries resources. The emergence in recent years of electronic observers that rely on video surveillance is gradually becoming a complementary or alternative measure to human observers. Electronic observers' security and ease of use make full electronic monitoring (EM) of ocean-going fishing ships possible while ensuring complete data availability. The development and improvement of its standards are the keys to ensuring the large-scale application of EM. This paper summarizes and justifies the minimum standards for EM for pelagic fishing by analyzing the standards and current status of human observers, documenting the functions and applications of EM systems, comparing the monitoring capabilities of human observers and EM, and analyzing the characteristics of the three main fishing methods: purse seine, trawl, and longline, respectively, in terms of equipment platform technology, data collection, and data management. The development of EM standards can clarify the cost of the entire monitoring process, ensure the compliance and economics of EM, and achieve effective long-term monitoring of pelagic fishing.
Journal Article
Clinical Impact of Electronic Monitoring Devices of Inhalers in Adults with Asthma or COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to gain insight into the characteristics and clinical impact of electronic monitoring devices of inhalers (EMDs) and their clinical interventions in adult patients with asthma or COPD. The search included PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase databases, as well as official EMDs websites. We found eight observational studies and ten clinical trials, assessing a wide range of clinical outcomes. Results from the meta-analysis on adherence to inhalers in a period over three months were favourable in the EMD group (fixed effects model: SMD: 0.36 [0.25–0.48]; random effects model SMD: 0.41 [0.22–0.60]). An exploratory meta-analysis found an improvement in ACT score (fixed effect model SMD: 0.25 [0.11–0.39]; random effects model: SMD: 0.47 [−0.14–1.08]). Other clinical outcomes showed mixed results in the descriptive analyses. The findings of this review highlight the benefits of EMDs in the optimization of adherence to inhaled therapy as well as the potential interest in other clinical outcomes.
Journal Article
Understanding E-Carceration
A riveting primer on the growing trend of surveillance, monitoring, and control that is extending our prison system beyond physical walls and into a dark future-by the prize-winning author of Understanding Mass Incarceration
\"James Kilgore is one of my favorite commentators regarding the phenomenon of mass incarceration and the necessity of pursuing truly transformative change.\" -Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow
In the last decade, as the critique of mass incarceration has grown more powerful, many reformers have embraced changes that release people from prisons and jails. As educator, author, and activist James Kilgore brilliantly shows, these rapidly spreading reforms largely fall under the heading of \"e-carceration\"-a range of punitive technological interventions, from ankle monitors to facial recognition apps, that deprive people of their liberty, all in the name of ending mass incarceration.
E-carceration can block people's access to employment, housing, healthcare, and even the chance to spend time with loved ones. Many of these technologies gather data that lands in corporate and government databases and may lead to further punishment or the marketing of their data to Big Tech.
This riveting primer on the world of techno-punishment comes from the author of award-winning Understanding Mass Incarceration. Himself a survivor of prison and e-carceration, Kilgore captures the breadth and complexity of these technologies and offers inspiring ideas on how to resist.
eBook
Investigating Adherence to Asthma Management with an Electronic Monitoring System
Adherence to prescribed inhaler use is critical for effective asthma management and to prevent exacerbations. However, overall adherence to inhaler use among asthma patients is low and the most frequent measures of adherence are considered not sufficiently reliable. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence rates and their impact on asthma management via an electronic monitoring system.
This was a prospective observational study of adults diagnosed with asthma who were equipped with electronic monitoring sensors whose data were recorded from August 2019 to June 2020. The study participants were also divided into two groups: allergic and nonallergic. The study lasted 90 days, and participants' demographic information, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dosage, lung function and asthma control test scores, blood samples, exhaled nitric oxide concentrations, and inhaler usage records from the electronic monitoring system were collected.
In total, 39 asthma patients completed the follow-up period. The study results revealed a significant difference in the adherence rates between the allergy and nonallergy groups at 30 days, with respective adherence rates of 49.9% and 22.8%, and at 90 days, the rates were 37.3% in the allergy group and 19.3% in the nonallergy group. The study results also revealed a significant positive correlation between medication adherence and the allergy group, and adherence was negatively correlated with the ICS dosage.
In this study, the average medication adherence rates among asthma patients were low and even lower in the nonallergy group than in the allergy group. Electronic monitoring can provide a clearer understanding of patients' medication patterns and could serve as a valuable tool for improving asthma management in the future.
Journal Article
Conceptual Design of the Intelligent Electronic Monitoring and Reporting Model for Combating Global Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing
Preventing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing—which depletes fishery resources—is a critical task in international fisheries governance. Many countries operate vessel monitoring systems (VMS) and electronic reporting systems (ERS) to track their fishing vessels, while regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) are actively considering the adoption of electronic monitoring systems (EMS). Although ERS and EMS share the same operational goals, differences in their concepts and functions lead to technical and institutional limitations when implemented separately. This study presents a conceptual design of an intelligent electronic monitoring and reporting (I-EMR) system model, which integrates the strengths of both systems to address these limitations and provides a framework for efficient operation. The necessity for the prompt and proactive adoption of such systems is reinforced by recent analyses of global IUU fishing trends, which indicate that IUU activities are not decreasing despite existing monitoring efforts. While empirical validation is beyond the scope of this study, the conceptual framework aims to support transparent management of fishery resources, facilitate real-time monitoring of fishing activities, and serve as a foundation for future pilot testing and operational deployment.
Journal Article
Utility of Different Adherence Measures for PrEP: Patterns and Incremental Value
Measuring PrEP adherence remains challenging. In 2009–2010, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative randomized phase II trial participants to daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine or placebo in Uganda and Kenya. Adherence was measured by electronic monitoring (EM), self-report (SR), and drug concentrations in plasma and hair. Each adherence measure was categorised as low, moderate, or high and also considered continuously; the incremental value of combining measures was determined. Forty-five participants were followed over 4 months. Discrimination for EM adherence by area under receiver operating curves (AROC) was poor for SR (0.53) and best for hair (AROC 0.85). When combining hair with plasma or hair with self-report, discrimination was improved (AROC > 0.9). Self-reported adherence was of low utility by itself. Hair level was the single best PK measure to predict EM-assessed adherence; the other measurements had lower discrimination values. Combining short-term (plasma) and long-term (hair) metrics could be useful to assess patterns of drug-taking in the context of PrEP.
Journal Article