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"Elephants Infancy."
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Baby elephant
Using simple text and illustrations, this book describes the events in a baby elephant's young life.
Book
Compromised Survivorship in Zoo Elephants
We analyzed data from over 4500 elephants to show that animals in European zoos have about half the median life span of conspecifics in protected populations in range countries. This discrepancy is clearest in Asian elephants; unlike African elephants in zoos, this species' infant mortality is very high (for example, twice that seen in Burmese timber camps), and its adult survivorship in zoos has not improved significantly in recent years. One risk factor for Asian zoo elephants is being moved between institutions, with early removal from the mother tending to have additional adverse effects. Another risk factor is being born into a zoo rather than being imported from the wild, with poor adult survivorship in zoo-born Asians apparently being conferred prenatally or in early infancy. We suggest stress and/or obesity as likely causes of zoo elephants' compromised survivorship.
Journal Article
Baby elephants
Entertaining photographs of baby elephants playing, swimming, and rolling in mud highlight this introduction to elephants. Basic facts feature the three main kinds of elephants and simple explains how calves are born, what their bodies are like, how they change as they grow, and what life is like in the herd.
Book
Foraging strategies of female elephant seals from Península Valdés, Patagonia, Inferred from whisker stable isotope signatures of their pups
The foraging strategies of gestating female elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Peninsula Valdes, Patagonia, were assessed by analyzing the values of stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from whiskers of 60 weanlings as a proxy for maternal spatial niche utilization. The data were combined with isotopic values and at-sea satellite locations of juvenile seals and adult female satellite tracks to provide classifications of the likely foraging strategies of the mothers of the studied pups. Based on at-sea locations during the austral summer, females foraged in oceanic waters while juveniles foraged both in neritic and in oceanic habitats. Weanling isotopic values (n = 60 pups) ranged from -19.9 to -14.8%o for C and from 10.6 to 18.9% for N. The degree of variation of spatial niche distribution exhibited individual patterns of habitat use over time and revealed significant intra-population differences. Ten percent of the individuals exhibited neritic maternal foraging ([delta][sup.13]C = -15.6 [+ or -] 0.5%, [delta][sup.15]N = 17.3 [+ or -] 1.1%) and high consistency, thus suggesting specialization (%CV [delta][sup.13]C values = 0.3 to 2.2), while 90% of the individuals exhibited oceanic maternal foraging ([delta][sup.13]C = -17.9 [+ or -] 0.7%, [delta][sup.15]N = 12.4 [+ or -] 0.5). Additionally, oceanic maternal foraging could be further classified to distinguish broader individual variability: 58% were specialists (%CV = 0.03 to 2.2), 30% were intermediate specialists-generalists (%CV = 2.5 to 4.5), and 12% were generalists (%CV = 5.0 to 7.3). The prevailing strategy for females was oceanic foraging as exhibited by location at sea and the greater extent of oceanic habitats (88%) potentially available for foraging. At the population level, the existence of both alternate foraging strategies and high individual variability exhibited by gestating females in a high-quality foraging area such as the oceanic environment of the Argentine Basin may confer an ecological edge to these females to succeed in a less predictable (although fairly rich) environment, thus influencing population trends.
Journal Article
Baby elephant joins the herd
\"A baby elephant is born in the African savannah. She joins a group of elephants, called a herd. Follow along as the calf experiences eating, playing, and using her trunk during her first years of life. Baby Elephant Joins the Herd is filled with facts that will engage young readers in a fun way. Follow along as one baby elephant explores the world around her\"--Jacket.
Book
Baby elephants at the zoo
\"Describes the life of an elephant calf at a zoo, including its behaviors, diet, and physical traits\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book