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"Elmidae."
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Okalianecopinata sp. nov. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak (Malaysia)
, from Sarawak, northwest Borneo, Malaysia, is described and illustrated along with an identification key. The standard barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used together with morphological characters to delimit the taxonomic boundaries of the two known species, which live in shallow streams flowing through dense primary forests in limestone areas in Pahang (West Malaysia) and Sarawak (East Malaysia). The majority of all examined
are flightless. Morphological distinguishing characters are the length of the granulated fifth elytral interval, the elytral and pronotal punctation, the aedeagal morphology, and the distal portion of the ovipositor.
Journal Article
A comparison of the taxonomic and trait structure of macroinvertebrate communities between the riffles and pools of montane headwater streams
Macroinvertebrate community taxonomic and trait structure showed consistent differences between riffles and pools across 12 headwater streams in the Sierra Nevada (California) even as flows varied from wet to dry years and between seasons. Densities of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Elmidae, Orthocladiinae and Diamesinae midges, and mites were greater in riffles, whereas Tanypodinae, Chironominae, Sialis, and Pisidium were more abundant in pools. Pools had higher densities but estimated biomass was greater in riffles. Collector-gatherer and micropredator abundances were greater in pools whereas grazers, collector-filterers, and macropredators were more abundant in riffles. Stonefly shredders were most abundant in riffles but some caddis shredders were more abundant in pools. Trait state patterns were related to food resource and physical habitat differences between riffles and pools. Of the distinct pool–riffle differences we found among taxa, only about half conformed to expectations from the literature. Pool and riffle assemblages were most dissimilar at intermediate discharge and converged at low and high flows when one or the other habitat dominated. Bioassessment sampling will need to account for these flow-related differences. Benthic invertebrate communities in these mountain streams clearly differ between pools and riffles, but the relative extent of habitats and biological similarity shift with flow regime.
Journal Article
Two new species of the genus Sinonychus (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Guizhou, China
The riffle beetle genus Sinonychus Jäch & Boukal, 1995 (Elminae, Macronychini) includes only three species from East Asia. In this paper, two new species, S. lipinae sp. nov. and S. luodianensis sp. nov. , are described from Guizhou Province, China. Illustrations of the new species and a key to all five Sinonychus species are also provided.
Journal Article
The species of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Shaanxi Province, China
A synopsis of the species of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 from Shaanxi Province (China) is provided. Five new species are described: Z. coronifer sp. nov. , Z. disparilis sp. nov. , Z. hybrida sp. nov. , Z. pilosa sp. nov. , and Z. robusta sp. nov. These five new species are not confined to Shaanxi but recorded also from other provinces: Z. coronifer (Hubei), Z. disparilis (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hunan), Z. hybrida (Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan), Z. pilosa (Hubei, Hunan), and Z. robusta (Hubei, Sichuan). A key to the six Zaitzevia species currently known from Shaanxi, as well as photographs of the habitus and the aedeagi, are provided. The morphological delimitation of the genera Zaitzevia and Zaitzeviaria Nomura, 1959 is briefly discussed on the basis of the newly established Zaitzevia hybrida species group, which is wide-spread in the Himalaya and China and combines diagnostic characters of Zaitzevia as well as Zaitzeviaria . In addition, an updated checklist of the 21 species of Zaitzevia now recorded from China is presented. The genus Zaitzevia is recorded for the first time from Anhui, Gansu, and Guizhou. Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis Jiang & Chen, 2023 is recorded for the first time from Gansu and Yunnan. Based on particular morphological characters, the specimens recorded by Bian and Zhang (2022) from Shaanxi and Yunnan as Z. chenzhitengi are here regarded as a closely related, undescribed species.
Journal Article
Additional new species of the genus Zaitzevia (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from China with an updated key to species from mainland China
The riffle beetle genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 comprises 29 described species, distributed across Asia and North America. China exhibits particularly high species diversity within this genus, with 16 recorded species. In this study, we describe two new Zaitzevia species from China: Z. fodingshanus sp. nov. from Guizhou Province and Z. lipingae sp. nov. from Yunnan Province. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated, along with a checklist of all known Chinese Zaitzevia species, a key, and a distribution map of Zaitzevia species from mainland China. The comparative diagnoses discuss characters of the new and known species. The results show that the existing species diversity requires more detailed research acrosslarger areas of Southwest China in the future.
Journal Article
Three new species of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from China
Three new riffle beetles of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923 are described from China, namely Zaitzevia sichuanensis sp. nov. and Zaitzevia fengtongzhaiensis sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, and Zaitzevia yingzuijieensis sp. nov. from Hunan Province. Habitus and diagnostic features of the new species are illustrated. A checklist of all known Chinese Zaitzevia species is given, and a key and distributional map of Zaitzevia species from the Chinese mainland are provided.
Journal Article
Stream macroinvertebrate community responses to an agricultural gradient alter consumer-driven nutrient dynamics
Although macroinvertebrate communities play a key role in the cycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in streams, this process may be disrupted through decreased macroinvertebrate diversity or abundance from agricultural inputs of nutrients, sediments and pesticides. However, it is unclear how such community changes affect their biological storage of N and P. In 2010 and 2011, we collected water samples and macroinvertebrates from 14 streams in New Brunswick, Canada, with catchments representing a gradient in agricultural cover (0–92%, mainly potatoes). Macroinvertebrate communities were dominated by aquatic insects, and individual families were weighed for biomass and analyzed for N and P content as well as δ15N, an indicator of excess nutrients. Aqueous total P and total N increased significantly with agricultural cover, whereas macroinvertebrate community biomass and richness decreased. Within 6 of 9 taxa, δ15N values increased with agricultural cover. N content varied among families, with the lowest (average ⁓8.5%) values in Baetidae, Ephemerellidae, Chironomidae and Simuliidae, and the highest (average ⁓10.1%) values in Perlidae, Chloroperlidae and Elmidae adults. In addition, P content was significantly higher in Chironomidae (0.63%) than Perlidae (0.42%), Chloroperlidae (0.32%), and Hydropsychidae (0.42%). However, no individual families showed a significant change in their N or P content across sites. Community nutrient storage (CNS g/m2; sum of family nutrient content %N or %P * family biomass g/m2) for both N and P was not related to agriculture in the catchments whereas community nutrient content (CNC; the average %N or %P of all families weighted by their relative biomass) increased for P and decreased for N with higher agriculture. Overall, these results suggest that agricultural inputs of nutrients and other materials affect storage of N and P in stream macroinvertebrate communities, likely through impacts on community biomass and diversity.
Journal Article
Comparative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Species of Elmidae (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea)
The mitochondrial genomes of three species of Elmidae were sequenced. The sizes were 16,309 bp (C. jaechi), 16,291 bp (G. longiusculus), and 15,480 bp (S. punctulata). Each genome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region (CR). All three mitogenomes show AT bias. Except for trnS1, lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm, all tRNA genes had a typical cloverleaf structure. The codon usage preferences of the three species showed high similarity. The arrangement of the genes in the three mitogenomes was consistent among them but differed from that in the typical mitogenomes of Coleoptera. The Ka/Ks ratio indicated that COX1 and nad4L had a lower evolutionary rate, being relatively conserved genes among 13 PCGs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Elmidae belongs to the superfamily Dryopoidea within the suborder Polyphaga and is monophyletic. The results preliminarily indicate that the taxonomic groups at the subfamily, tribe, and genus levels within Elmidae are ambiguous, and further revisions may be required in the future.
Journal Article
Global diversity of water beetles (Coleoptera) in freshwater
The global diversity of True Water Beetles, False Water Beetles and Phytophilous Water Beetles (sensu Jäch, 1998a. In Jäch & Ji (eds), Water Beetles of China, Vol. II. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Österreich and Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Wien: 25-42.) is assessed. Facultative Water Beetles, Parasitic Water Beetles and Shore Beetles (sensu Jäch, 1998a. In Jäch & Ji (eds), Water Beetles of China, Vol. II. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Österreich and Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Wien: 25-42.) are here classified as “paraquatic” and are thus not included in the assessment. It is estimated that about 18,000 species of aquatic Coleoptera are roaming the earth at present. About 12,600 (70%) of these are already described (deadline: October 2005). About 30 beetle families have aquatic representatives, and in 25 of these families at least 50% of the species are to be considered as aquatic. Six families are supposed to include 1,000 or more aquatic species: Dytiscidae (3,908 described species/5,000 estimated), Hydraenidae (1,380/2,500), Hydrophilidae (1,800/2,320), Elmidae (1,330/1,850), Scirtidae (900/1,700) and Gyrinidae (750/1,000). Scirtidae and Hydraenidae are regarded as the least explored families, the number of described species in each of these two families probably will be almost doubled in the future. The Palearctic (ca. 3,350 described species/ca. 3,900 estimated), the Neotropical (2,510/3,900) and the Afrotropical Region (2,700/3,750) harbour almost the same number of water beetle species, followed by the Oriental (2,200/3,580) and the Australian/Pacific Realm (1,340/2,100). The Nearctic (1,420/1,550) is by far the poorest region in terms of water beetle diversity.
Journal Article