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We analyzed whole-genome sequences of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates in South Korea that had the SEGX01.049 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. That lineage has emerged and circulated in South Korea since 2020, leading to 2 fatal infection cases. We investigated the genomic characteristics and identified potential sources of that lineage. Isolates from outbreaks during 2020-2023 clustered in the Global IIa clade, along with other Salmonella Enteritidis strains from chicken farms in South Korea and human isolates from the United Kingdom. Bayesian molecular clock analysis estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor of our isolates in the Global IIa clade was 2017.57. Moreover, phylogeographic analysis supported substantial statistical evidence (Bayes factor 111.415; posterior probability 0.97) for the introduction of this lineage into South Korea from the United Kingdom. Continued genomic surveillance will be needed to monitor the spread of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis and improve prevention strategies.

This chapter contains sections titled: Methodology The Millennial Plot The September 11th Hamburg Group The Groups Compared Concluding Remarks References

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of lung infection and pediatric hospitalizations worldwide for which there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic. Because HMPV mutates rapidly, understanding which mutations enhance its ability to multiply and spread is important for the development of interventions and treatments. We prospectively collected patient data and nasal specimens from children with symptoms of acute respiratory illness. The predominant A2 and B2 HMPV variants circulating in the population contained insertions in the attachment protein, which suggests that these insertions may be advantageous to the virus. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that age, insurance type, and underlying health conditions were associated with HMPV infection. Age and underlying health conditions were associated with elevated HMPV disease severity, whereas HMPV subgroup was not. This large HMPV genomic epidemiological study provides insight into patient factors associated with disease and the emergence of the dominant variants in the USA.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A Brief History of the Culture Concept: Cognitive from the Outset The Emergence of Cognitive Anthropology Prototypes Cultural Models Current and Future Directions References

This chapter contains sections titled: Phenomenology The Nineteenth‐Century Roots of Existentialism Jean‐Paul Sartre Heidegger Other Existentialists Works cited

This chapter contains sections titled: Recovery and Reassessment Sketching Literary Histories Fifteen Centuries, Six Parts References and Further Reading