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Climate capitalism : global warming and the transformation of the global economy
\"Confronting climate change is now understood as a problem of 'decarbonising' the global economy: ending our dependence on carbon-based fossil fuels. This book explores whether such a transformation is underway, how it might be accelerated, and the complex politics of this process. Given the dominance of global capitalism and free-market ideologies, decarbonisation is dependent on creating carbon markets and engaging powerful actors in the world of business and finance. Climate Capitalism assesses the huge political dilemmas this poses, and the need to challenge the entrenched power of many corporations, the culture of energy use, and global inequalities in energy consumption. Climate Capitalism is essential reading for anyone wanting to better understand the challenge we face. It will also inform a range of student courses in environmental studies, development studies, international relations, and business programmes\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Understanding Emission Trends, Regional Distribution Differences, and Synergistic Emission Effects in the Transportation Sector in Terms of Social Factors and Energy Consumption
China’s transportation sector plays a significant role in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollution. Previous studies have predominantly utilized scenario analysis to forecast emissions for the next 30 to 50 years based on coefficients from a base year. To elucidate the current state of gas emissions in the transportation sector, this study employed panel data for 10 types of gas emissions from 2001 to 2020, analyzing their emission characteristics, tendencies, and synergistic effects. Utilizing the Kaya equation and the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) decomposition method, we developed a model of pollutant emissions that considers the synergistic effects, pollution emission intensity, energy mix, energy consumption intensity, and population. The results show that all pollutants in the transportation sector decreased except for NH3 and CO2. There was a synergistic effect between air pollutants and CO2 emissions, but the reduction was not significant. From 2013 to 2020, the transportation sector shifted from a high emission intensity with low synergy to a low emission intensity with high synergy. The results indicate that off-road mobile vehicles, on-road diesel vehicles, and motorcycles became the main source of emissions from transportation in certain provinces, and a key area requiring attention in policy development. Gasoline consumption was identified as the primary contributor to the significant increase in synergistic emission variability in the transportation sector. These results provide policymakers with practical ways to optimize emission reduction pathways.
Journal Article
Observational insights into atmospheric CO.sub.2 and CO at the urban canopy layer top in Metropolitan Shanghai, China
Major metropolitan areas are critical carbon emission hotspots, and understanding their carbon dynamics is essential for developing targeted climate mitigation strategies. Remote background stations often capture spatially smoothed anthropogenic signals, failing to resolve distinct urban source-sink processes. Here, we leveraged the unique 632 m Shanghai Tower (121.51° E, 31.23° N) to conduct a nearly 2-year field campaign (April 2021-March 2023), aiming to investigate CO.sub.2 and CO dynamic from the top of urban canopy layer (UCL) via stationary, continuous, single-level, high-precision, in situ measurements with a cavity ringdown laser spectrometer. Campaign-averaged mole fractions substantially exceeded global and regional backgrounds, confirming a pronounced urban carbon burden. Through a multi-stage filtering framework targeting nocturnal measurements, we derived robust regional background values. Component analysis of CO.sub.2 excess, using CO as a reliable regional combustion tracer, revealed burning of fossil fuels as the dominant contributor (avg. 85 %), alongside biogenic processes that enhanced this atmospheric excess, especially in winter under respiratory predominance, but less so in summer when partially offset by net photosynthetic uptake and cleaner airmass dilution. The 2022 Shanghai lockdown provided a natural experiment that underscored the pronounced sensitivity of UCL-top observations to metropolitan-scale anthropogenic perturbations, as reflected in synchronized decline and rapid rebound of CO.sub.2 and CO, along with a marked reversal of their emission ratio compared to 2021. Overall, these findings affirm that UCL-top observations effectively capture integrated metropolitan carbon signals, supporting refined emission tracking and top-down carbon neutrality strategies.
Journal Article
Intelligent Manufacturing and Pollution Emissions from Chinese Manufacturing Firms: Theories and Mechanisms
Energy conservation and emission reduction are essential for China’s economy to achieve sustainable development. This paper integrates industrial robots and pollution emissions into a heterogeneous firm model to theoretically analyze the impact and mechanism of industrial robots on pollution emissions of listed manufacturing firms. Using data from a sample of listed manufacturing firms over the period 2012–2022, an econometric model is constructed and empirically tested. The results of the study show that industrial robots have had a significant impact on the emission intensity of the manufacturing industry through technological progress and innovation effects, while firms’ pollution levels, regional environmental regulatory intensity, ownership type, and factor intensity type have heterogeneous effects on abatement. In view of this, the application of industrial robots should be promoted according to local conditions, the development of differentiated environmental regulatory policies, and targeted measures to give full play to the emission reduction effect of industrial robots, to synergistically promote a high level of ecological environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development by accelerating the greening and intelligent transformation of China’s manufacturing enterprises.
Journal Article
Environmental Target Constraint and Corporate Pollution Emissions: Evidence from China
Combining Chinese industrial enterprise data and the green development database, this paper delves into the causal link between environmental target constraints (ETCs) and pollution emissions using the difference-in-differences (DID) framework. The empirical results reveal that ETC significantly reduces pollution emissions from manufacturing enterprises in China, lowering pollution levels by 0.47%. This conclusion remains robust after a battery of sensitivity tests, including the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach and the PSM-DID method, among others. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that this causal impact appears more pronounced for private firms, exporting firms, and enterprises located in non-resource-based cities. A deeper analysis explores the mechanisms through which ETCs influence pollution emissions, highlighting output scale contraction, technological innovation, and resource allocation optimization as key transmission channels.
Journal Article
Spatial and Temporal Characterization of the Development and Pollution Emissions of Key Heavy Metal-Related Industries in Typical Regions of China: A Case Study of Hunan Province
At present, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge of the effects of heavy metal-related industries (HMIs) in China on the environment. Hunan Province, as a representative gathering place of HMIs, is among the regions in China that are the most severely polluted with heavy metals. This paper selected Hunan Province as the study area to analyze the development trend, characteristics of pollution emissions, and environmental impacts of seven HMIs based on emission permit information data from Hunan Province. The results of this study show that (1) from 2000 to 2022, the number of heavy metal-related enterprises in Hunan Province increased overall. Among the seven industries, the chemical product manufacturing industry (CPMI) had the largest number of enterprises, whereas the nonferrous metal smelting and rolling industry (NSRI) had the highest gross industrial product (27.6%). (2) HMIs in Hunan Province had significant emissions of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and hydargyrum (Hg) from exhaust gas and wastewater. Heavy metal-related exhaust gas and wastewater outlets from the NSRI constituted 43.9% and 35.3%, respectively, of all outlets of the corresponding type. The proportions of exhaust gas outlets involving Cd, Hg, and As from the NSRI to total exhaust gas outlets were 44.27%, 60.54%, and 34.23%, respectively. The proportions of wastewater outlets involving Cd, Hg, and As from the NSRI to total wastewater outlets were 61.13%, 57.89%, and 75.30%, respectively. (3) The average distances of heavy metal-related enterprises from arable land, rivers, and flooded areas in Hunan Province were 256 m, 1763 m, and 3352 m, respectively. Counties with high environmental risk (H-L type) were situated mainly in eastern Hunan. Among them, Chenzhou had the most heavy metal-related wastewater outlets (22.7%), and Hengyang had the most heavy metal-related exhaust gas outlets (23.1%). The results provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution and an enhancement in environmental sustainability in typical Chinese areas where HMIs are concentrated.
Journal Article
Solar Photochemical Emission of CO.sub.2 From Leaf Litter: Sources and Significance to C Loss
Although photodegradation can be a significant mechanism of plant litter decay in drylands, the abiotic photochemical emission component of this process is not well characterized. We measured the temperature response of abiotic photochemical emission of CO.sub.2 from 12 litter types under midday sunlight in the Sonoran Desert, assessed what litter traits predicted emission rates, and estimated its significance to litter C loss. Emission rates increased exponentially with temperature (Q.sub.10= 1.75) and declined as litter decayed. Rates varied substantially among litter types. Microbial respiration rates of litter explained the most variation in emission rates at lower temperature (78% at 45 °C), suggesting that compounds amenable to microbial consumption were major precursors of emission. In contrast, wax concentrations explained the most variation at high temperature (76% at 70 °C), implying that precursors shifted with temperature. Photochemical emission of initial litter at 55 °C was a strong predictor of the mass loss of litter in full sunlight over 34 months in the field, explaining 67% of the variation among litter types. We estimate that photochemical emission of CO.sub.2 was responsible for 10% of all C lost from litter in sunlight over 34 months and accounted for 39% of the greater C lost from litter in sunlight compared to litter that did not receive sunlight in the UV to blue wavelength bands. Hence, abiotic photodegradation via photochemical emission appeared to be a significant pathway for C loss from sunlit litter. The substantial exponential increase in photochemical emission with temperature illustrates that temperature needs to be considered in assessments of abiotic photodegradation and implies this process will be greatest in systems where litter is exposed to high solar irradiance in conjunction with high temperatures.
Journal Article
Correction: Time-varying causality relationships between trade openness, technological innovation, industrialization, financial development, and carbon emissions in Thailand
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304830.].
Journal Article