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ObjectivesThe current study aimed to examine the association between coparenting and adolescent emotional instability and to analyze the potential mediating effect of parent–child relationship quality between them in Chinese families.MethodsA convenient sample of 3045 adolescents from China was selected to fill out questionnaires regarding their emotional instability and demographic variables, parental coparenting behavior, and parent–child relationship quality. Structural equation modeling was used to test the total and mediating effect models.ResultsSupportive and undermining coparenting were significantly associated with adolescent emotional instability (βSC = −0.13, βUC = 0.21, p < 0.001), and the total effect of undermining coparenting on adolescent emotional instability was stronger than that of supportive coparenting (Wald [χ2] = 4.37, p < 0.05). Mediation model analysis revealed that undermining coparenting was associated with a poor quality of parent–child relationship, which ultimately predicted a high level of emotional instability (ab/c = 0.47). By contrast, supportive coparenting was associated with a high parent–child relationship quality, which ultimately predicted a low level of emotional instability (|ab/c’| = 1.98). However, the direct effect of supportive coparenting was positively related to adolescent emotional instability (β = 0.14, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFindings implied that undermining coparenting was a family risk factor for adolescent emotional instability, whereas supportive coparenting exhibited a double-edged (i.e., positive and negative) effect on adolescent emotional instability.

Using the five factor model (FFM) of personality, we delineate two distinct roles of CEO personality in managing strategic change: initiating strategic change and determining the performance effects of strategic change implementation. Based on data from 120 smalland medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ecuador, we found that some FFM traits of CEOs influenced initiation only (extraversion and openness), others similarly influenced initiation and performance effects of implementation (emotional stability and agreeableness), and still others had opposing effects on initiation and effective implementation (conscientiousness). These results point to a dual role of CEO FFM of personality in managing strategic change, and they indicate the differences in CEO FFM traits needed to initiate strategic change and those needed to improve the performance effects of strategic change implementation.

While evidence shows that people with early psychosis are flexible in using different emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage the varying contextual demands, no studies have examined the effectiveness of such regulatory flexibility in this population. We addressed this issue by investigating whether and how ER flexibility relate to different dynamic aspects (variability, instability, inertia, and recovery) of negative affect (NA) in a combined early psychosis sample, consisting of both individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis and those diagnosed with first-episode psychosis. Participants were 148 individuals from the INTERACT project, a multi-center randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in early psychosis. We utilized data from the baseline assessment, during which all participants completed six days of experience sampling assessment of momentary NA, as well as end-of-day assessments of ER strategy use. Multilevel models of within-person associations showed that greater ER flexibility was associated with more stable NA, and quicker recovery of NA from stressors during the day. Linear regression analyses of between-person associations showed that people who had more variable and unstable NA reported greater ER flexibility generally. No evidence was found for associations with NA inertia. The current study identified unique within-person and between-person links between ER flexibility and dynamics of NA in early psychosis. These findings further provide evidence for ER flexibility in early psychosis, emphasizing the adaptive nature of regulatory flexibility in relation to reduced instability in NA and faster recovery from NA in everyday life.

The Internal–External Locus of Control Short Scale–4 (IE-4) measures two dimensions of the personality trait locus of control with two items each. IE-4 was originally developed and validated in German and later translated into English. In the present study, we assessed the psychometric properties (i.e., objectivity, reliability, validity) of the English-language IE-4, compared these psychometric properties with those of the German-language source version, and tested measurement invariance across both language versions. Using heterogeneous quota samples from the UK and Germany, we find that the English-language adaptation has satisfactory reliability and plausible correlations with 11 external variables (e.g., general self-efficacy, self-esteem, impulsive behavior, Emotional Stability), which are comparable with those of the German-language source version. Moreover, metric measurement invariance of the scale holds when comparing the UK and Germany, implying the comparability of correlations based on the latent factors across the two nations. As an ultra-short scale (completion time < 30 s), IE-4 lends itself particularly to the assessment of locus of control in survey contexts in which assessment time or questionnaire space are limited. It can be applied in a variety of research disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, or economics.

Governments around the world are recognising the importance of measuring subjective well-being as an indicator of progress. But how should well-being be measured? A conceptual framework is offered which equates high well-being with positive mental health. Well-being is seen as lying at the opposite end of a spectrum to the common mental disorders (depression, anxiety). By examining internationally agreed criteria for depression and anxiety (DSM and ICD classifications), and defining the opposite of each symptom, we identify ten features of positive well-being. These combine feeling and functioning, i.e. hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being: competence, emotional stability, engagement, meaning, optimism, positive emotion, positive relationships, resilience, self esteem, and vitality. An operational definition of flourishing is developed, based on psychometric analysis of indicators of these ten features, using data from a representative sample of 43,000 Europeans. Application of this definition to respondents from the 23 countries which participated in the European Social Survey (Round 3) reveals a four-fold difference in flourishing rate, from 41% in Denmark to less than 10% in Slovakia, Russia and Portugal. There are also striking differences in country profiles across the 10 features. These profiles offer fresh insight into cultural differences in well-being, and indicate which features may provide the most promising targets for policies to improve well-being. Comparison with a life satisfaction measure shows that valuable information would be lost if well-being was measured by life satisfaction. Taken together, our findings reinforce the need to measure subjective well-being as a multi-dimensional construct in future surveys.

Mood instability and risk-taking are hallmarks of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Schema modes are combinations of self-reflective evaluations, negative emotional states, and destructive coping strategies common in BPD. When activated, they can push patients with BPD into emotional turmoil and a dissociative state of mind. Our knowledge of the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms driving these changes is incomplete. We hypothesized that in patients with BPD, affective instability is more influenced by reward expectation, outcomes, and reward prediction errors (RPEs) during risky decision-making than in healthy controls. Additionally, we expected that these alterations would be related to schema modes. Thirty-two patients with BPD and thirty-one healthy controls were recruited. We used an established behavioral paradigm to measure mood fluctuations during risky decision-making. The impact of expectations and RPEs on momentary mood was quantified by a computational model, and its parameters were estimated with hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Model parameters were compared using High-Density Intervals. We found that model parameters capturing the influence of RPE and Certain Rewards on mood were significantly higher in patients with BPD than in controls. These model parameters correlated significantly with schema modes, but not with depression severity. BPD is coupled with altered associations between mood fluctuation and reward processing under uncertainty. Our findings seem to be BPD-specific, as they stand in contrast with the correlates of depressive symptoms. Future studies should establish the clinical utility of these alterations, such as predicting or assessing therapeutic response in BPD.

Atypical depressive disorder and bipolar disorder often present with symptoms like emotional instability and impulsive behaviors. Various treatments, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological, are employed to manage these conditions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a modern treatment option that has shown promise with minimal side effects. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of tDCS on emotional instability and impulsivity in individuals with atypical depression and bipolar type II. This study utilized a semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The participants were patients diagnosed with atypical and bipolar depression, all of whom were referred from the neuropsychiatric clinic at Sina Hospital in Hamedan, Iran. Two hundred instability and impulsivity questionnaires were distributed among the patients using a purposeful sampling method. From these, participants were randomly assigned into four groups of 20 individuals each. The research tools included transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), delivered in ten consecutive sessions (30 min each, 2 mA) with the anode at F3 and the cathode at F4; the sham condition used the same montage with current discontinued after 30 s to ensure blinding., the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) by Eysenck and Sybil, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Data analysis using covariance and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) revealed a significant difference in emotional instability and impulsivity scores between the experimental and control groups for individuals with atypical depression and bipolar type II. Direct current electrical brain stimulation was found to reduce emotional instability in these groups, leading to improved emotional stability and reduced impulsivity in people with atypical depression and bipolar disorder. The results of this study confirm the potential of direct current electrical brain stimulation in reducing emotional instability and impulsivity in individuals with atypical depression. The emergence of tDCS as a promising non-pharmacological treatment option for managing these symptoms in people with both atypical depression and bipolar disorder type II is reassuring. This method modulates the prefrontal cortex’s activity, a brain region crucial for planning, decision-making, and emotional regulation. The significant potential of tDCS as a non-pharmacological intervention for atypical depression and bipolar disorder type II is a positive sign for the future. However, further research is necessary to fully realize its benefits.

Background The emotional regulation process plays a pivotal role in daily-life functioning, modulating goal-directed and adaptive behavior. Conversely, altering this cognitive function can disrupt self-regulation and bring emotional dysregulation. Emotional instability could represent a core characteristic of BPD, also modulating the BPD symptom's onset. This systematic review aims to summarize the existing literature reporting the role of emotional instability in BPD to better define the role of the impairment of the emotional processes in the onset of the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of this complex mental disorder. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were independently searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies had to be identifiable through database searching, published and accessible. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search period was from 2012 to 14 September 2022. Results A pool of 120 studies was identified, out of which 11 met the selection criteria and were included. Overall, the studies confirm a relationship between emotional instability and borderline personality disorder. Conclusions The evidences retrieved seem to point out the role of the emotional impairment not only in worsening of the disorder, but could also be one of the risk factors for its onset.

IntroductionEating disorders and borderline personality disorder can coexist with high frequency in people with alexithymia. At the same time, it has been described that alexithymia can be present in patients suffering from depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, PTSD and eating disorders, among others. In this sense, it has been described that alexithymia could help maintain eating disorder.ObjectivesTo review the existing literature on the relationship between alexithymia, emotional instability and a family history of autism spectrum traits with the development of eating disorders. To expose, through the clinical case of a patient with eating disorders, the diagnostic complexity and evolution after the beginning of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary therapeutic plan with different mental health devices.MethodsTo review the personal and family psychopathological aspects and the clinical evolution of a patient with a diagnosis of restrictive subtype anorexia nervosa since its inclusion in a therapeutic program.ResultsThis is a longitudinal study through personal biographical reconstruction and family history and subsequent follow-up of a clinical case based on the implementation of an individualized therapeutic program and the results obtained.ConclusionsCurrently there is evidence in the literature that finds a high correlation between alexithymia and eating disorders. However, these findings are believed to be influenced by other comorbid symptoms such as depression or anxiety. Furthermore, the diagnosis of ASD in people with AN is a complex process that requires a thorough clinical evaluation over time. Detailed studies are needed to determine the importance of these factors in the development of an eating disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

The DUI (learning by doing-using-interacting) mode offers a promising theoretical framework to explain why many small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are successful in innovation without research and development (R&D) efforts. In this context, we argue that—because of the informal, person-centered, and interactive nature of the DUI mode—small business owners should be in a key position to trigger DUI learning processes at the company level. Based on a large SME data set from Germany, we show empirically that Big Five personality traits of small business owners positively affect selfselection into DUI-based innovation in less R&Dintensive SMEs. That is, companies operating largely under the DUI mode seem to benefit in particular from certain owners’ personality characteristics. In addition, we present novel evidence that complementarities between different Big Five traits exist in terms of self-selection into the DUI mode, thereby pointing to the role of personality prototypes. The paper concludes with implications for policy and further research. Solving the SME innovation puzzle—resilient owner personalities boost small firm innovativeness. This psychological effect only exists in non-R&D SMEs, providing a new explanation for their surprising innovation success. SME owners are involved in most day-to-day activities of their company. An owner’s personality therefore directly affects external and internal communication flows, laying the foundation for a company’s innovation culture. We show that a resilient personality type—an owner who is characterized by emotional stability, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness— benefits innovation in non-R&D SMEs. According to our analysis, resilient owners are about 5.5% more likely to trigger an innovation mode within their company that builds on non-R&D-based knowledge, communication, and interaction. Our research implies that entrepreneurship education and consultancy should foster psychological self-awareness, and thereby increase an owner’s understanding of his/her most effective role in terms of firm-level innovation. Successful entrepreneurship and innovation is not fully determined by one’s personality type, but knowing one’s own strength and weaknesses can help to carve out an effective niche, defining the scope of one’s responsibility, as well as its limits.