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Building effective employment programs for unemployed youth in the Middle East and North Africa
This study surveys active labor market programs (ALMPs) in selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, identifies key challenges to their effective and efficient delivery, and proposes a policy framework for reforming public service provision. This study draws on data collected through surveys administered to public social, employment, and education agencies in selected MENA countries to identify key constraints and options for reforming publicly provided employment programs. Recent political transitions arising from the Arab Spring have contributed to the deterioration of labor market outcomes in the MENA region. In this context, ALMPs could become an important policy lever to address some of the challenges facing labor markets. These include: joblessness, skills mismatches, lack of labor market mobility, large and expanding informal sector, and lack of formal employment networks. The study also provides specific details on the beneficiaries, targeting, and expenditures of ALMPs during this same period.
eBook
Mapping the Corporate Learning Research Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends, Themes, and Collaborations
Corporate learning research is a constantly changing field influenced by organizational development and new learning methods. As this field matures, it becomes increasingly important to understand its dynamic research landscape to identify current trends, emerging challenges, and potential opportunities. This paper fulfills this critical need by conducting a bibliometric analysis of corporate learning research publications. The study uses the Scopus database to analyze various scholarly outputs, including peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and academic books. This work aims to uncover important research themes, outline changing trends, and highlight the most influential authors and institutions, shedding light on how these elements have evolved. The research uses co-authorship networks to reveal collaboration and knowledge exchange patterns among scholars, underscoring the potential for future synergies and advancements within the field. Moreover, exploring concept co-occurrence networks provides a detailed view of foundational ideas and their interconnections within the corporate learning research domain. This analysis summarizes the current state of corporate learning research and maps its path, providing a valuable resource for corporate executives, organizational leaders, educators, researchers, and policymakers aiming to navigate and contribute to this dynamic and constantly evolving landscape.
Journal Article
Impact of training on employees performance: A case study of Bahir Dar university, Ethiopia
Training is a continuous process to improve the caliber of employees. The main objective of this study is to assess and investigate the impact of training on employees' performance in the technology focused academic institution. Methodology: This study used a quantitative approach and the cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from a sample population of administrative employees of Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia who took training in 2019 chosen by simple random sampling. 316 questionnaires were distributed and collected for the study. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Results show that training design, training needs assessment, training delivery style and training evaluation have significant positive effect on employees' performance. Finally, the study recommended that human resource management should engage in increasing the qualities and quantities of the training program and properly apply the four phases of the systematic training processes to increase the performance of administrative employees of Bahir Dar University, especially the technology institutions. Originality: This manuscript is written from the raw data collected by the author of this manuscript. So, it's original work.
Journal Article
Effects of embedded acceptance and commitment training in veterinary medical and technology programs as students transition into the workforce: A study protocol
Psychological distress is elevated in the field of veterinary medicine. Recent evidence demonstrates that stress and burnout in veterinary workers can be reduced through an Acceptance and Commitment Training intervention targeting “burden transfer,” or reactivity to challenging interactions with veterinary clients (“Unburdened”). Exposing students to Unburdened could optimize mental health outcomes as they transition into the veterinary workforce. Unburdened will be adapted for student use in a self-guided digital format and embedded into 5 veterinary medical or technology programs. Participants will be 200 advanced students recruited into a parallel-arms design: assessment-only Control versus Intervention (<2 hour Unburdened intervention embedded into final semester requirements) conditions. Online assessments at baseline, program completion (1 month), and follow-up (3, 6, 9, 12 months) will measure Kirkpatrick outcomes: Reaction (engagement, perception of the program), Learning (knowledge test performance), Behavior (skill use frequency), and Results (burden transfer, stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression). Latent growth curve modeling will compare conditions throughout the year following graduation. Institutional Review Board approval has been obtained. Informed consent is electronically granted by students electing to participate. A safety officer unconnected to the study will monitor study progress and safety. Pending positive outcomes, this ready-to-share program will be made available to training programs. If successful, its routine adoption into training curricula could decrease burden transfer, stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression in the field. Ultimately, the proposed work could provide a scalable and sustainable strategy to enhance mental health and well-being across the veterinary workforce. Study registration: The trial to evaluate Unburdened’s potential impact on mental health is considered observational, as the involved educational institutions chose to implement the program for its educational value. Details can be found in NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/search/FhAMx6slrEautC8YKesk0Q/project-details/10980628 . This study is registered with the Open Science Framework, where data will ultimately be made available: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QEAKM.
Journal Article
“Cameos of History” on the Landscape
This article explores one of the most ubiquitous methods of providing history for the public through a study of the Georgia Historical Marker Program. The marker program, begun in 1951, has undergone changes in stewardship, emphasis, and scholarly rigor in recent years. The evolution of the marker program to be more diverse and inclusive mirrors that of the profession more broadly. This study reveals that what seems like an old-fashioned method of presenting history to the public is still very visible and very much engages the public in discourse about Georgia’s history.
Journal Article
Three decades of interventions for the unemployed – review of practices between 1990 and 2020 and their effects on (re) employment competencies
PurposeThis paper provides evidence of the outcomes proposed by the reviewed programmes and their level of effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachArticles were screened by title and abstract to ensure correspondence with exclusion/inclusion criteria. Themes were analysed through collective coding and scoring. Size effects were calculated.FindingsThree expected outcomes: psychological, technical and (re) employment. The most frequent and significant results are found in psychological. The review could not find consistent results in effectiveness of the type of training, because of the diversity of propositions and socio-cultural origins of interventions.Research limitations/implicationsSocio-cultural context acts as variable; thus, deep interdisciplinary analysis on context where trainings were developed is suggested in order to understand the impact of trainings according to their population defining effectiveness.Originality/valueThere is no previous review of type of interventions for the unemployed focusing on last 30 years.
Journal Article
Multinational Tax Incentives and Offshored U.S. Jobs
This paper examines if, when, and to what extent multinational tax incentives incrementally explain where firms move offshored U.S. jobs. Using jobs data from a Department of Labor program called Trade Adjustment Assistance, I find a significant association between tax incentives and both the likelihood that a foreign country hosts offshored U.S. jobs and the number of U.S. jobs it hosts. This association is stronger when managers have discretion to coordinate cross-border transactions internally and when they do not face political costs imposed by labor unions. Following instances of offshoring, I find some evidence that offshoring firms have lower effective tax rates, but these reductions are concentrated within larger layoffs in which jobs are sent to low-tax countries. These findings are relevant to understanding the real effects and welfare consequences of incentives created by current U.S. tax policy.
Journal Article
Evaluating a Socially Responsible Employment Program: Beneficiary Impacts and Stakeholder Perceptions
Although many organizations around the world have engaged in corporate social responsibility (CSR) programing, there is little evidence of social impact. This is a problematic omission since many programs carry the stigma of marketing ploys used to bolster organizational image or reduce consumer skepticism. To address this issue and build on existing scholarship, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a socially responsible youth employability program in the United Kingdom. The program was developed through the foundation of a professional British soccer team to bolster employability and life skills for marginalized London youth. Program funding was provided by a large multinational bank as part of their CSR agenda. This evaluation was undertaken to understand the beneficiary impacts associated with program deployment. Results from the pre-intervention/post-intervention, sequential mixed-method evaluation show statistically significant differences among several \"soft\" beneficiary outcomes (e.g., self-esteem, self-efficacy, and perceived marketability). However, results are mixed regarding whether the \"hard\" outcome of employment was achieved by program participants. Qualitative findings buttress these results, indicating a high level of motivation for work, attitude enhancement, and satisfaction with program delivery.
Journal Article
‘The Charismulator’ – charisma simulator: A study of a new VR intervention to improve charisma
Charisma, often seen as an innate trait, is now understood as leader signaling grounded in values, symbols, and emotions, suggesting it can be developed through interventions. However, the method for cultivating charisma remains unclear. This study examines nonverbal communication strategies, highlighting the potential of body language, facial expressions, and vocal modulation to enhance charisma. Additionally, we introduce a virtual reality training program focused on these cues and explore the role of audience presence in boosting the intervention’s effectiveness by fostering self-awareness and behavioral adjustments. Results of a controlled randomized experiment with virtual reality-trained participants and online charisma assessors demonstrated significant improvements in observer-rated charisma from pre- to post-training compared to the control group. Moreover, training in front of a virtual audience yielded the expected outcomes. This study sheds light on charisma theory, its potential virtual reality training application, and its implications for leadership development.
Journal Article