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Unthinkable : an extraordinary journey through the world's strangest brains
\"Our brains are more extraordinary--and far stranger--than we think. We take it for granted that we can remember, feel emotion, navigate, empathize, and understand the world around us, but how would our lives change if these abilities were dramatically enhanced--or disappeared overnight? Helen Thomson has spent years traveling the world, tracking down incredibly rare brain disorders. In Unthinkable she tells the stories of nine extraordinary people she encountered along the way. From the man who thinks he's a tiger, to the doctor who feels the pain of others just by looking at them, to a woman who hears music that's not there, their experiences illustrate how the brain can shape our lives in unexpected and, in some cases, brilliant and alarming ways. Story by remarkable story, Unthinkable takes us on an unforgettable journey through the human brain. Discover how to forge memories that never disappear, how to grow an alien limb, and how to make better decisions. Learn how to hallucinate, and how to make yourself happier in a split second. Find out how to avoid getting lost, how to see more of your reality, even how exactly you can confirm you are alive. Think the unthinkable.\"-- Dust jacket.
Book
Minds behind the brain : a history of the pioneers and their discoveries
This volume presents a series of vibrant profiles that trace the evolution of our knowledge about the brain. Beginning almost 5,000 years ago, with the ancient Egyptian study of “the marrow of the skull”, the book takes us on a fascinating journey from the classical world of Hippocrates, to the time of René Descartes and the era of Paul Broca and Santiago Ramón y Cajal, to modern researchers such as Roger W. Sperry. We meet Galen, a man of titanic ego and abrasive disposition, whose teachings dominated medicine for a thousand years; Andreas Vesalius, a contemporary of Nicolaus Copernicus, who pushed our understanding of human anatomy to new heights; Otto Loewi, pioneer in neurotransmitters, who gave the Nazis his Nobel prize money and fled Austria for England; and Rita Levi-Montalcini, discoverer of nerve growth factor, who in war-torn Italy was forced to do her research in her bedroom. For each individual, the philosophy, the tools, the books, and the ideas that brought new insights are examined. The book also looks at broader topics: How dependent are researchers on the work of others? What makes the time ripe for discovery? And what role does chance or serendipity play? Many fascinating background figures are also included, from Leonardo da Vinci and Emanuel Swedenborg to Karl August Weinhold—who claimed to have reanimated a dead cat by filling its skull with silver and zinc—and Mary Shelley, whose Frankenstein was inspired by such experiments.
eBook
Cavernome du quatrième ventricule : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature
Le siège intraventriculaire est une localisation rare des cavernomes de l'encéphale. Le quatrième ventricule est le moins concerné de toutes les localisations. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente âgée de 52 ans qui présente depuis 12 mois un syndrome d'hypertension intracrânienne et trouble de l'équilibre. Elle s'est présentée aux urgences avec un GCS à 14, nuque subraide, un syndrome cérébelleux statokinétique avec une acuité visuelle basse et un oedeme papillaire bilatéral. Une TDM cérébrale réalisée aux urgences a objectivé un hématome du 4ème ventricule avec hydrocéphalie active triventriculaire. Une dérivation ventriculaire interne a été réalisée en urgence avec une bonne évolution clinique post opératoire. Le bilan a été complété par une IRM cérébrale objectivant un processus du 4ème ventricule évoquant un cavernome. Un abord direct a été réalisé permettant une exérèse totale du cavernome siégeant au sein du 4ème ventricule. L'anatomo-pathologie a confirmée le diagnostic. A notre connaissance, il s'agit du 13ème cas rapporté dans la littérature. Les cavernomes intraventriculaires représentent 2,5-10% de tous les cavernomes dont 9% est au niveau 4ème ventricule. Les patients sont souvent admis aux urgences suite au saignement de cette malformation angiomateuse. Le diagnostic est rendu accessible par les différentes séquences de l'IRM. Le traitement est souvent chirurgical vu le risque de resaignement. Le pronostic dépend de l'état initial du patient et de l'infiltration du plancher du 4ème ventricule.
Journal Article
Memory and brain
Written by a leading neuropsychologist, this book brings together widely scattered psychological and neurobiological research on memory to create a definitive overview of current knowledge, proceeding from the synapse to a review of the function and structure of neural systems and the organization of cognition.
eBook
Creating Modern Neuroscience
For modern scientists, history often starts with last week's journals and is regarded as largely a quaint interest compared with the advances of today. However, this book makes the case that, measured by major advances, the greatest decade in the history of brain studies was mid-twentieth century, especially the 1950s. The first to focus on worldwide contributions in this period, this book ranges through dozens of astonishing discoveries at all levels of the brain, from DNA (Watson and Crick), through growth factors (Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini), excitability (Hodgkin and Huxley), synapses (Katz and Eccles), dopamine and Parkinson's (Carlsson), visual processing (Hartline and Kuffler), the cortical column (Mountcastle), reticular activating system (Morruzzi and Magoun) and REM sleep (Aserinsky), to stress (Selye), learning (Hebb) and memory (HM and Milner). The clinical fields are also covered — from Cushing and Penfield, psychosurgery, and brain energy metabolism (Kety), to most of the major psychoactive drugs in use today (beginning with Delay and Deniker) — and much more. There is a focus on the creative process itself; on understanding how the combination of unique personalities, innovative hypotheses, and new methods led to the advances. Insight is given into this process through describing the struggles between male and female, student and mentor, academic and private sector, and the roles of chance and persistence. The book thus provides a multidisciplinary understanding of the revolution that created the modern field of neuroscience, and which set the bar for judging current and future advances.
eBook
The human brain : surface, three-dimensional sectional anatomy with MRI, and blood supply
The recent progress of medical imaging due to the scanner, the MRI, and the three-dimensional reconstruction of cerebral structures calls for a better knowledge of brain anatomy; it is to be noted, though, that the accurate anatomy of the brain surface was already known thanks to the pio neering work of late-nineteenth-and early-twentieth-century research workers, such as Eberstal ler (1884), Cunningham (1892), Dejerine (1895), Retzius (1896), Zuckerkandl (1903), Elliot-Smith (1907) [14, 15,22,29, 30, 56, 751. Since then, more recent techniques have led to a precise view of the deeper structures. But, as those details were not visible in vivo before the diffusion of scanner and magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) exploration, such knowledge was deemed superfluous, or even useless. Nowadays, this situation has drastically changed and the neurologists, neurosur geons, and neuroradiologists acknowledge the need to know more about anatomy. The aim of this volume is to provide those specialists with that information for their own research. A number of atlases do exist at the present time [15,52,58, 156-195], but we felt that the serial were not enough if not made obvious, being defined in relation with the sections by themselves brain surface as shown in Figs. 26, 139, and 175. However, this three-dimensional-representation technique of coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections makes the study of only one hemisphere ne cessary so as to locate each section with respect to its several aspects.
eBook
Discovering the brain
The brain ...There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate?The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public.The 1990s were declared the \"Decade of the Brain\" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research.Discovering the Brain is a \"field guide\" to the brain--an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examinesHow electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain.The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attention--and how a \"gut feeling\" actually originates in the brain.Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity.Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain.Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments.Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the \"Decade of the Brain,\" with a look at medical imaging techniques--what various technologies can and cannot tell us--and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience.This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakers--and many scientists as well--with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the \"Decade of the Brain.\"
eBook
Cerebral Reorganization of Function After Brain Damage
This book integrates neuroscience research on neuroplasticity with clinical investigation of reorganization of function after brain injury, especially from the perspective of eventually translating the findings to rehabilitation. Historical foundation in neuroplasticity research are presented to provide a perspective for recent findings. Leading investigators synthesize their work with research from other laboratories to provide a current update on neuroanatomic features which enhance enuroplasticity and provide a substrate for reorginaization of function. The capacity for recovery from brain injury associated with focal lesions as compared to diffuse cerebral insult is discussed. Interventions such as environmental enhancement and drugs to enhance reorganizatioin of function after brain injury have been studied in animalmodels and in human studies. Methodologies to study neurophysiological measures, trancranial magnetic stimulation, and computational modeling. Implications of neuroplasticity research for innovations in rehabilitation of persons with brain injury are critically reviewed.
eBook
Trees of the Brain, Roots of the Mind
The human brain is often described as the most complex object in the universe. Tens of billions of nerve cells-tiny tree-like structures -- make up a massive network with enormous computational power. In this book, Giorgio Ascoli reveals another aspect of the human brain: the stunning beauty of its cellular form. Doing so, he makes a provocative claim about the mind-brain relationship. If each nerve cell enlarged a thousandfold looks like a tree, then a small region of the nervous system at the same magnified scale resembles a gigantic, fantastic forest. This structural majesty -- illustrated throughout the book with extraordinary color images -- hides the secrets behind the genesis of our mental states. Ascoli proposes that some of the most intriguing mysteries of the mind can be solved using the basic architectural principles of the brain. After an overview of the scientific and philosophical foundations of his argument, Ascoli links mental states with patterns of electrical activity in nerve cells, presents an emerging minority opinion of how the brain learns from experience, and unveils a radically new hypothesis of the mechanism determining what is learned, what isn't, and why. Finally, considering these notions in the context of the cosmic diversity within and among brains, Ascoli offers a new perspective on the roots of individuality and humanity.
eBook
Brain mapping : the methods
Investigation of the functional architecture of the human brain using modern noninvasive imaging techniques is a rapidly expanding area of research. A proper knowledge of methodology is needed to appreciate the burgeoning literature in the field. This timely publication provides an excellent catalogue of the main techniques.The authors offer an invaluable analysis of mapping strategies and techniques, providing everything from the foundations to the major pitfalls and practical applications of the modern techniques used in neuroimaging. Contains over 1000 full color pages with more than 200 color figures. Spanning the methodological gamut from the molecular level to the whole brain while discussing anatomy, physiology, and pathology, as well as their integration, Brain Mapping: The Methods, 2e, brings the reader a comprehensive, well-illustrated and entirely readable description of the methods for brain mapping. Drs. Toga and Mazziotta provide everything from the foundations to the major pitfalls and practical applications of the technique by assembling an impressive group of experts, all widely known in their field, who contribute an outstanding set of chapters.
eBook