Explore the vast range of titles available.

Senior news anchor Libby Casey breaks down the top takeaways from Tuesday's Pennsylvania and North Carolina primaries.

President Biden called for political unity on June 23, during the funeral of former senator John Warner (R-Va.), at Washington National Cathedral.

Celebrities frequently endorse products, brands, political candidates, or health campaigns. We investigated the effectiveness of such endorsements by meta-analyzing 46 studies published until April 2016 involving 10,357 participants. Applying multilevel meta-analysis, we analyzed celebrity endorsements in the context of for-profit and non-profit marketing. Findings revealed strong positive and negative effects when theoretically relevant moderators were included in the analysis. The most positive attitudinal effect appeared for male actors who match well with an implicitly endorsed object (d = .90). The most negative effect was found for female models not matching well with an explicitly endorsed object (d = −.96). Furthermore, celebrity endorsements performed worse compared to endorsements of quality seals, awards, or endorser brands. No publication bias was detected. The study has theoretical and practical implications, and provides an agenda for future research.

Abstract Introduction To our knowledge, no prior work has been conducted on whether sleep continuity disturbance (e.g., SL; WASO; EMA, etc.) varies by neighborhood. While differences on these metrics have been found by, e.g., race and socioeconomic status, it may also be that sleep continuity disturbance varies relative to where one lives and works. Accordingly, an analysis was undertaken to assess whether regional differences exist with respect to sleep continuity disturbance (SCD). Methods The study utilized a cross-sectional group design in an archival/community dataset that was collected in the Philadelphia area (www.sleeplessinphilly.com). This dataset (n = 2840) was comprised of adults between 18 and 89 years of age with self-reported sleep complaints (63.4% female; 36.6% male; average age 38). Study subjects who endorsed >30 minutes on >3 days/week on SL, WASO & EMA were categorized by zip code and into four regional groups: Center City (n=258); South Philadelphia (n=103); North & Northeast Philadelphia (n=400) and West Philadelphia (n=345). Contingency analyses and ANOVAS were used to assess for regional group differences. Results It was found that SCD rates significantly differed by region. Differences in percent endorsement by region were as follows, SL:, 64.1% (Northeast/North), 63.5 (South), 56.3% (West Philadelphia), & 48.7% (Center City); WASO: 45% (Northeast/North), 40% (South), 36.5% (West Philly), & 32.4% (Center City); EMA: 46.4% (South); 43.7 (Northeast/North); 43.7 (West Philly); 43.1 (Center City). Conclusion The Northeast/North region of Philadelphia had the highest rates, and center city had the lowest rates of SCD for the early part of the night (SL & WASO). Early morning SCD was most common for “South Philly and least common for Center City. Analyses are on-going in relation to other regional differences (demographic, income, crime stats, etc.) and those found to vary by region will be assessed for their predictive value. Support No support was provided for this abstract

At a White House coronavirus task force briefing on April 3, President Trump rejected the idea of remote voting in November 2020, insisting votes should be cast in person.

(Boxiana I, p. 3) Honour and chivalry were claimed as commonplace in the pugilistic ring and, in the wake of conflicting emotions arising at news of the naval triumph off Cape Trafalgar and death of Nelson, reports of the honourable conduct exhibited by Hen 'the Game Chicken Pearce, in his fight against Jem Belcher, provided welcome distraction as news emerged of Napoleons victory over Russian and Austrian forces at Austerlitz (December 1805). The stirring 'King Harry-like' nature of this pronouncement leans towards militaristic benefits, a tack pursued in a later dedication to the Duke of Wellington: [Pugilism] teaches men to applaud generosity, to acquire notions of honour; nobleness of disposition; and greatness of mind: to bear hardships without murmurs [...] to punish foul play; to decide impartially; and not to look on and see wrong done to any person.

This thesis is concerned with self-ascriptive belief. I argue that one's lower-order belief can be fixed from the reflective level. One reasons about whether p is the case and it is on the basis of one's endorsement of p that one comes to believe p. I argue that one's self-ascriptive belief can also be fixed from the reflective level. One reasons about whether p is the case and it is on the basis of one's endorsement of p that one comes to self-ascribe the belief p. I further suggest that it is possible for the reflective way of fixing lower-order belief to fail but the reflective way of fixing self-ascriptive belief to succeed. When this happens, one is in a state of believing that she believes p when in fact one does not believe p. This suggests that the state of believing that one believes p and the state of believing p are distinct states and that the state of believing that one believes p does not necessitate the state of believing p. It also raises a sceptical worry about whether one's self-ascriptive belief amounts to knowledge. In Chapter 1, I situate my discussions in the existing literature, focusing on the constitutive view of self-ascriptive belief. In Chapter 2, I use an everyday case in which a subject self-ascribes the belief that p and is later surprised that p to motivate the possibility that there are different levels at which beliefs are fixed. In Chapter 3, I develop an account of ratiocination and argue that the conclusion of ratiocination is in the form of I ought to believe p. Hence, at the end of ratiocination, one is in a state of believing that I ought to believe p. In Chapter 3, I discuss how one's belief that I ought to believe p initiates a top-down fixation of the corresponding lower-order belief. I also discuss why it is possible for the top-down fixation process of a rational subject to terminate before it fixes the lower-order belief. In Chapter 4, I discuss the transparency account of self-knowledge. I first criticise the transparency account's claim that a rational subject's endorsing p necessarily leads to believing p. Someone who ratiocinates and concludes that p but does not believe p because the top-down fixation process terminates early is an example of how a rational subject can endorse p without believing p. I then draw on the transparency account to argue that from a rational subject's first-person perspective, if she self-ascribes a belief to herself and if she endorses that p, she will self-ascribe the belief that p. If this is right, then one can self-ascribe the belief that p because one endorses p but in fact does not believe p because one's endorsement fails to fix the lower-order belief. In Chapter 5, I return to the constitutive account, explaining why its central claim should be rejected. I also reject the incorrigibility thesis, which holds that a self-ascriptive belief that p entails the lower-order belief that p. Finally, I raise a number of puzzles concerning the epistemic status of self-ascriptive belief.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of two types of celebrities (Instagram celebrity vs traditional celebrity) on source trustworthiness, brand attitude, envy and social presence. The proposed theoretical model consists of the celebrity type as the independent variable, social presence as the mediator and self-discrepancy as the moderator. Design/methodology/approach A randomized two-group comparison (Instagram celebrity vs traditional celebrity) between-subjects experiment (n=104) was conducted. Findings The results indicate that consumers exposed to Instagram celebrity’s brand posts perceive the source to be more trustworthy, show more positive attitude toward the endorsed brand, feel stronger social presence and feel more envious of the source than those consumers exposed to traditional celebrity’s brand posts. Structural equation modeling (Mplus 8.0) and bootstrap confidence intervals indicate that social presence mediates the causal effects of celebrity type on trustworthiness, brand attitude and envy. Multiple regression analyses reveal the moderating effects of appearance-related actual–ideal self-discrepancy. Practical implications Ultimately, managerial implications for social media marketing and Instagram influencer-based branding are provided. From the perspective of marketing planning, the findings speak to the power of influencer marketing as an effective branding strategy. Originality/value The paper discusses theoretical implications for the marketing literature on celebrity endorsements.