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"Energy Materials"
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Advanced materials towards energy sustainability : theory and implementations
\"Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the way companies manufacture, improve and distribute their products. It demands the application of renewable energy using advanced materials. Renewable energy is reshaping the fields of industry, agriculture, and households, providing reliable power supplies and fuel diversification. This enhances energy security, lowers risk of fuel spills, and reduces the need for imported fuels. Examples of material applications used for renewable energy are photovoltaic, solar cells, which can be used in agriculture. This volume has a diverse audience including students, researchers, and academics engaged in materials and renewable energy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Thermoelectric materials and applications for energy harvesting power generation
Thermoelectrics, in particular solid-state conversion of heat to electricity, is expected to be a key energy harvesting technology to power ubiquitous sensors and wearable devices in the future. A comprehensive review is given on the principles and advances in the development of thermoelectric materials suitable for energy harvesting power generation, ranging from organic and hybrid organic-inorganic to inorganic materials. Examples of design and applications are also presented.
Journal Article
Nanomaterials for photocatalytic chemistry
\"This book concentrates on the emerging area of the utilization of (solar) photon energy for catalyzing useful chemical reactions (also called artificial photosynthesis) including water splitting, CO2 reduction, selective epoxidation, selective alcohol oxidation, coupling reactions, etc. The chapters in this book cover topics ranging from materials design at nanometer scale to nanomaterials synthesis to photocatalytically chemical conversion. This book can serve as a useful reference for those new to this field of research or already engaged in it, from graduate students to postdoctoral fellows and practicing researchers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Heterogeneous Dual Hollow Spindles of Amorphous Fe2(MoO4)3@TiO2 as Anode Materials for Superior Lithium Storage
In the field of lithium-ion batteries, Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
has attracted considerable interest because of its distinctive three-dimensional open framework structure, high oxidation states of two metal elements, and high theoretical capacity. However, practical applications of Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
are hindered by its substantial volume changes. Herein, a metal–organic-framework-engaged strategy is proposed to construct heterogeneous dual hollow spindles of amorphous Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
@TiO
2
. The synthesis approach relies on the etching reaction of MIL-88A in the Na
2
MoO
4
solution and Kirkendall effect, as well as the controlled hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide. Material characterizations based on x-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy disclose successful preparation of the dual hollow spindles. Its surface area is 11 m
2
g
−1
. The hollow spindle mitigates the volume changes of Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
, while the TiO
2
coating further enhances the structural robustness of Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
. Moreover, the hollow spindle also facilitates the storage of electrolyte and Na
+
transport. These structural advantages result in high reversible capacities, stable cycling performance, and outstanding rate capability. Specifically, Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
@TiO
2
maintains a high reversible capacity of 1204 mAh g
−1
at 1.0 A g
−1
after 450 cycles and 462 mAh g
−1
at 5.0 A g
−1
after 540 cycles. Furthermore, the high surface capacitive contribution and rapid Li
+
diffusion induce fast reaction kinetics. This study demonstrates that the heterogeneous dual hollow spindle is an advanced composite structure for Fe
2
(MoO
4
)
3
.
Journal Article
Renewable materials and green technology products : environmental and safety aspects
\"Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Nano-Sized ZnSe with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Anchored on Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Storage
Zinc selenide (ZnSe) materials have shown promising application potential in the field of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, leveraging their cost-effectiveness, facile synthesis, and flexibility of morphological control. In this work, a novel composite of ZnSe and nitrogen-doped carbon/carbon nanotubes (ZnSe/N-C@CNT), with CNTs as the core and nano-sized ZnSe with nitrogen-doped carbon as the shell, was successfully prepared. The integration of carbon nanotubes with ZnSe not only boosts electrical conductivity but also provides mechanical strength, effectively suppressing the typical volume changes of the electrode material. Moreover, the nanotubular structure expands the specific surface area, thereby enriching active sites, and effectively facilitates Li
+
/Na
+
diffusion in the electrode materials. The ZnSe/N-C@CNT anode delivers superior discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability in lithium-ion batteries (373.7 mAh g
−1
after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g
−1
) and sodium-ion batteries (324.5 mAh g
−1
after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g
−1
). This research pioneers an innovative approach to optimizing nanostructures for transition metal selenide anode materials.
Journal Article
Perspective on design and technical challenges of Li-garnet solid-state batteries
Solid-state Li-ion batteries based on Li-garnet Li
7
La
3
Zr
2
O
12
(LLZO) electrolyte have seen rapid advances in recent years. These solid-state systems are poised to address the urgent need for safe, non-flammable, and temperature-tolerant energy storage batteries that concomitantly possess improved energy densities and the cycle life as compared to conventional liquid-electrolyte-based counterparts. In this vision article, we review present research pursuits and discuss the limitations in the employment of LLZO solid-state electrolyte (SSE) for solid-state Li-ion batteries. Particular emphasis is given to the discussion of pros and cons of current methodologies in the fabrication of solid-state cathodes, LLZO SSE, and Li metal anode layers. Furthermore, we discuss the contributions of the LLZO thickness, cathode areal capacity, and LLZO content in the solid-state cathode on the energy density of Li-garnet solid-state batteries, summarizing their required values for matching the energy densities of conventional Li-ion systems. Finally, we highlight challenges that must be addressed in the move towards eventual commercialization of Li-garnet solid-state batteries.
Journal Article
Material world : the six raw materials that shape modern civilization
\"The story of civilization from an entirely new vantage point-the six raw materials that have shaped and will continue to shape humanity's destiny. Sand, iron, salt, oil, copper and lithium: The struggle for these fundamental materials has created empires, razed civilizations, and fed our ingenuity and our greed for thousands of years. It is a story that is far from finished. Though we are told we now live in a weightless world of information, we dug more stuff out of the earth in 2017 than in all of human history before 1950. And it's getting exponentially worse. To make one bar of gold, we now have to dig 5,000 tons of earth. For every ton of fossil fuels, we extract six tons of other materials-from sand to stone to wood to metal. Even as we pare back our consumption of fossil fuels we continue to redouble our consumption of everything else. Why? Because these ingredients are the basis for everything. They power our phones and electric cars, build our homes and offices, enable the printing of our books, and supply our packaging. Our modern world would not exist without them, and the hidden battle to control them will shape our future. This is an epic journey across continents, cultures and epochs that captures the astonishing extent to which humanity's prosperity is intertwined with what we extract from the earth and adapt to our needs and desires. It is a story of our past and future, from the ground up\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
High Ionic Conductivity in Li2ZrCl6 via La3+ Doping for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
Halides not only possess high ionic conductivity but also exhibit excellent electrochemical stability against high-voltage cathodes, making them promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Compared with rare-earth halide electrolytes, Li
2
ZrCl
6
electrolytes are less costly. However, they face challenges relating to relatively lower ionic conductivity. Herein, Li
2+
x
Zr
1−
x
La
x
Cl
6
is synthesized through La
3+
doping in Li
2
ZrCl
6
. The introduction of La
3+
increases the concentration of lithium ions in the crystal and expands the lattice volume, leading to ionic conductivity as high as 8.22 × 10
−4
S cm
−1
. When Li
2.1
Zr
0.9
La
0.1
Cl
6
is applied in ASSLMBs (with a LiNi
0.8
Mn
0.1
Co
0.1
O
2
cathode and a Li-In anode), it exhibits superior electrochemical performance, with high initial capacity of 132.5 mA h g
−1
, and after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, the battery still maintains a capacity of 72.4 mA h g
−1
and high coulombic efficiency of 99.7%.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article