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Distributed Multi-Generation Systems
The recent development of distributed generation technologies is changing the focus of the production of electricity from large centralised power plants to local energy systems scattered over the territory. Under the distributed generation paradigm, the present research scenario emphasises more and more the role of solutions aimed at improving the energy generation efficiency and thus the sustainability of the overall energy sector. In particular, coupling local cogeneration systems to various typologies of chillers and heat pumps allows setting up distributed multi-generation systems for combined production of different energy vectors such as electricity, heat (at different enthalpy levels), cooling power, and so forth. The generation of the final demand energy outputs close to the users enables reducing the losses occurring in the energy chain conversion and distribution, as well as enhancing the overall generation efficiency. This book presents a comprehensive introduction to energy planning and performance assessment of energy systems within the so-called Distributed Multi-Generation (DMG) framework. Typical plant schemes and components are illustrated and modelled, with special focus on applications for trigeneration of electricity, heat and cooling power. A general approach to characterisation and planning of multi-generation systems is formulated in terms of the so-called lambda analysis, which extends the classical models related to the heat-to-power cogeneration ratio analysis in cogeneration plants. A unified theoretical framework leading to synthesise different performance assessment techniques is described in details. In particular, different indicators are presented for evaluating the potential energy benefits of distributed multi-generation systems with respect to classical case of separate production and centralised energy systems. Several case study applications are illustrated to exemplify the models presented and to point out some numerical aspects relevant to equipment available on the market. In particular, schemes with different cogeneration prime mover typologies, as well as electric, absorption and engine-driven chillers and heat pumps, are discussed and evaluated. A number of openings towards modelling and evaluation of environmental and economic issues are also provided. The aspects analysed highlight the prominent role of DMG systems towards the development of more sustainable energy scenarios.
eBook
NIMBY Politics in Japan
Negative reaction to undesirable facilities in one's neighborhood-\"not in my back yard\"-isn't limited to the United States. Japanese communities have also resisted siting decisions for power plants, and have often delayed or killed projects for which a legitimate social need exists.
NIMBY Politics in Japan is the first detailed account in English of energy siting disputes in postwar Japan. Based on an investigation of a hundred conventional and nuclear plants, the book draws on a wide range of local and corporate sources, as well as interviews with participants, to reveal the bargaining processes involved in social choices and their public policy outcomes.
S. Hayden Lesbirel examines why some siting decisions have taken an extraordinarily long time to complete while others have proceeded rapidly. He focuses on the intensity of conflict, relative strengths among participants, and the role of compensation, and he shows how innovative uses of compensation often enable negotiated compromises to be reached. Stressing the importance of dynamic bargaining and creative responses to social and political problems, Lesbirel shows the value of negotiated compromises in Japanese consensual politics.
eBook
Energy Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security
In the post-9/11 world, the possibility of energy infrastructure-terrorism—the use of weapons to cause devastating damage to the energy industrial sector and cause cascading effects—is very real. Energy Infrastructure Protection and Homeland Security, Second Edition, is a reference for those involved with our energy infrastructure who want quick answers to complicated questions. It is intended to help employers and employees handle security threats they must be prepared to meet on a daily basis.
This updated second edition focuses on all components of the energy sector, including sites involved in producing, refining, transporting, generating, transmitting, conserving, building, distributing, maintaining, and controlling energy systems and system components. It presents common-sense methodologies in a straightforward manner and is accessible to those who have no experience with energy infrastructure or homeland security.
Through this text, readers gain an understanding of the challenges of domestic preparedness and the immediate need for heightened awareness regarding the present threats faced by the energy sector as a potential terrorist target. This book provides knowledge of security principles and measures that can be implemented, adding a critical component not only to one's professional knowledge but also giving one the tools needed to combat terrorism.
eBook
Materials for Ultra-Supercritical and Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants
This book provides researchers in academia and industry with an essential overview of the stronger high-temperature materials required for key process components, such as membrane wall tubes, high-pressure steam piping and headers, superheater tubes, forged rotors, cast components, and bolting and blading for steam turbines in USC power plants. Advanced materials for future advanced ultra-supercritical power plants, such as superalloys, new martensitic and austenitic steels, are also addressed. Chapters on international research directions complete the volume.
eBook
Atomic adventures : secret islands, forgotten N-rays, and isotopic murder--a journey into the wild world of nuclear science
Mahaffey unearths lost reactors on far-flung islands and finds trees that were exposed to active fission -- which then changed gender or bloomed in the dead of winter. He explains why we have nuclear submarines but not nuclear aircraft and why cold fusion does not -- and cannot -- exist. And who knew that radiation-counting was once a fashionable trend? Though parts of our nuclear history might seem like fiction -- such as when cowboys got their hands on a reactor -- Mahaffey's prose holds the reader in thrall of the energy of scientific curiosity and ingenuity that may hold the key to solving our energy crisis -- or even send us to Mars.
BOOK
Modellierung korrosiver Atmosphären und Wärmestrahlung in Kraftwerksbrennkammern
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Simulationsmodell zur Bestimmung korrosiver Atmosphären in Kohlefeuerungen entwickelt. Um die Konzentrationen der kurzlebigen korrosiven Gase berechnen zu können, ist ein detaillierter Reaktionsmechanismus für die Gasphase notwendig. Es wurde ein Freisetzungsmechanismus zur Beschreibung der Freisetzung von Schwefel und Chlor aus der festen Phase in die Gasphase entwickelt und implementiert. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine genaue Vorhersage der Freisetzung schwefel- und chlorhaltiger Stoffe ist die genaue Kenntnis der Zusammensetzung der Kohle. Dazu wird eine Berechnungsmethode vorgestellt, mit der die Zusammensetzung der mineralischen Substanz bestimmt werden kann. In der Arbeit werden die Validierung und eine Anwendung des Modells beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Modellierung der Wärmestrahlung in Oxyfuel-Feuerungen untersucht. Bei der Planung und Auslegung von Kraftwerken sind Kenntnisse über den Wandwärmestrom von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ein weit verbreitetes Modell für die Simulation von Gasstrahlung ist das Weighted-Sum of Gray Gases Modell (WSGGM). In dieser Arbeit wurde die Brennkammer eines Oxyfuel-Kraftwerks im Demonstrationsmaßstab simuliert. Die Gasstrahlung wurde mit den verschiedenen WSGG-Modellformulierungen abgebildet. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss der Partikelstrahlung auf den Wärmetransport untersucht und es werden verschiedene Modellierungsansätze vorgestellt.
eBook