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The energy–environment–growth nexus has been examined for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, mainly using time series data. However, the important role of renewable energy and population has largely been ignored in previous studies. As such, this study is conducted to investigate a causal link between renewable energy usage, population, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. In addition, a relatively new and advanced panel vector autoregressive model and the Granger non-causality test for heterogeneous panels are utilized with a sample of seven ASEAN countries for almost three decades since 1990. Key findings from this paper are as follows. First, renewable energy usage responds to population growth and leads to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Second, economic growth and renewable energy usage explain a substantial proportion of the change in energy consumption. Third, a bidirectional Granger causality does exist in each pair among energy consumption, economic growth and CO 2 emissions. We argue that moderating population growth and extending renewable energy usage are vital to achieving sustainable economic growth in the ASEAN region.

Electric water heaters, which have the capacity to act as thermal energy storage, are well suited to demand management strategies in smart grid applications. However, finding the balance between managing power load, reducing thermal energy losses, user’s convenience, and bacterial growth control, requires accurate modelling of the internal thermal dynamics of the tank, including stratification. As a black box, this unknown is dependent on a multitude of environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature and inlet temperature), water draw patterns, scheduling, set temperatures and orientation of the vessel. The latter affects the stratification and temperature variation inside the tank, and therefore has a direct bearing on the balancing act of demand management. Although this has been assessed inside vertically oriented tanks, what happens inside the horizontal variety—ubiquitous in developing countries—is currently left to the guesswork. In this paper, we present the development of an embedded hardware and software platform with which the temperature variations inside a horizontal water heater can be characterised under numerous environmental and usage conditions. The importance of doing so is highlighted by the preliminary results, which clearly show the expected substantial temperature variation along the vertical axis, but also show interesting phenomena along the longitudinal and transverse axes, for both static (no water draw) and dynamic (with water draw) conditions. We conclude by highlighting potential for further research.

The debate on ecological matters that relate to the biomass emissions nexus has gained prominence and different scholars have suggested various forms of policy directions to tackle the menace. This study seeks to contribute to this subject by examining the impact of biomass energy use on carbon dioxide pollution in the G7 economies context. Thus, to this end, we employed energy usage and GDP measured as economic growth which adds factors that can influence pollution for annual time-frequency between1995 and 2016 for the case of G7 economies. The present study adds to the extant literature by the adoption of the novel econometric techniques such as the panel cross-section augment ARDL and common correlated estimate mean group (CCEMG) to evaluate the impact of biomass energy on pollutants. The empirical results from all the techniques show that biomass energy consumption significantly and negatively correlates to CO 2 emissions meaning that it helps to reduce pollution in the long run. On the other hand, there is a significant positive relationship between energy use and pollutants implying that the primary energy use is not favorable for environmental sustainability over the sampled period. Finally, the results proved that GDP increases CO 2 emissions in the long run with respect to the G7 context. Thus, validating the growth-induced pollution hypothesis in G7 blocs. On causality relationship, we observe a unidirectional causal relationship between these variables: biomass and pollutants, pollutants and output, biomass and output, biomass and energy use, and output and energy use. While there was a bidirectional causality between energy use and pollutant, these results suggest policy implication for the G7 countries which indicates that stakeholders should give much attention to technological know-how and energy mix particularly biomass energy which is environmentally friendly as well as more paradigm shift to renewables.

A model-based optimal dispatch framework was proposed to optimize operation of residential flexible loads considering their real-life operating characteristics, energy-related occupant behavior, and the benefits of different stakeholders. A pilot test was conducted for a typical household. According to the monitored appliance-level data, operating characteristics of flexible loads were identified and the models of these flexible loads were developed using multiple linear regression and K-means clustering methods. Moreover, a data-mining approach was developed to extract the occupant energy usage behavior of various flexible loads from the monitored data. Occupant behavior of appliance usage, such as daily turn-on times, turn-on moment, duration of each operation, preference of temperature setting, and flexibility window, were determined by the developed data-mining approach. Based on the established flexible load models and the identified occupant energy usage behavior, a many-objective nonlinear optimal dispatch model was developed aiming at minimizing daily electricity costs, occupants’ dissatisfaction, CO 2 emissions, and the average ramping index of household power profiles. The model was solved with the assistance of the NSGA-III and TOPSIS methods. Results indicate that the proposed framework can effectively optimize the operation of household flexible loads. Compared with the benchmark, the daily electricity costs, CO 2 emissions, and average ramping index of household power profiles of the optimal plan were reduced by 7.3%, 6.5%, and 14.4%, respectively, under the TOU tariff, while those were decreased by 9.5%, 8.8%, and 23.8%, respectively, under the dynamic price tariff. The outputs of this work can offer guidance for the day-ahead optimal scheduling of household flexible loads in practice.

Cryptocurrency has seen an increased popularity with the introduction of Bitcoins. It has been adapted in several countries and has become an alternate solution to conventional currency. Despite its benefits, some controversies surround the manufacturing of bitcoins. While all the countries are moving to sustainability development and global warming control, Bitcoin production has raised several concerns about environmental pollution and sustainability. The increased carbon emissions and high electrical consumption have accompanied the popularity of cryptocurrency. Hence, there is an immediate need to reduce the carbon footprint and electricity consumption caused by human cryptocurrency for a sustainable future. This study presents the current scenario and trends of worldwide cryptocurrency growth and discusses the environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining. It explores crypto mining worldwide and provides a qualitative review. Further, this article highlights the need to take necessary measures to control cryptocurrency circulation.

In the face of extreme climate, Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) represent a very high standard of building energy conservation. The design of NZEBs requires continuous design improvement and analysis in a decision-making process that seeks to meet energy conservation goals. This paper recommends the use of green Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support the design of zero-energy buildings. The design of NZEBs requires two sets of tasks: First, it requires determination of whether the building will offer high-energy efficiency, and, second, it lacks the installation of sufficient renewable energy equipment to meet the building’s load needs. After drawing on the spirit of the United States’ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and considering the current situation in Taiwan, this paper recommends the use of electricity Energy Usage Intensity as a measurement unit providing a holistic indicator of energy usage and takes optimized energy performance as a performance target for various solutions. This study demonstrated procedural steps in the application of green BIM and analyzed restrictions on the implementation of green BIM to the analysis of NZEB design.

With regard to environmental degradation in Japan, the world's third-largest economy, limited studies have been performed to illustrate the ecological aspects of the country's core and recent economic policies such as globalization, technological innovation, and renewable energy usage policies. Given this motivation, this research reveals a new perspective on the connection between CO 2 emissions and GDP growth, renewable energy, technological innovation and globalization in Japan by employing wavelet statistical tools. The paper employs series of wavelet tools for datasets covering the period from 1990Q1 to 2015Q4. The empirical outcomes demonstrate proof of the interaction between renewable energy use, economic growth, technological innovation, globalization and CO 2 emissions in both time and frequency. The empirical results of the wavelet analyses reveal that globalization, GDP growth, and technological innovation increase CO 2 emissions in Japan, while renewable energy usage mitigates CO 2 in the short and medium terms. The results demonstrate the significance of implementing policies effectively coordinated by the policymakers to curb the significant environmental degradation in Japan. Moreover, Japan should actively support renewable energy development and create a more competitive climate for investment in the renewable energy market.

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between fossil fuel energy, electricity production from nuclear sources, renewable energy, CO 2 emissions, and economic growth in Pakistan. Data ranging from 1975 to 2019 were utilized, and the stationarity of this data was verified through the unit root testing. The dynamic connections between variables were investigated by utilizing the linear autoregressive distributed lag technique. Long-run analysis results uncover that fossil fuel energy, renewable energy use, CO 2 emissions, and GDP per capita have a productive relationship with economic progress in Pakistan, whereas electric power consumption, electricity produced from nuclear sources, and energy utilization have an adverse effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the consequences revealed that fossil fuel energy, renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and GDP per capita have a significant linkage to Pakistan’s economic growth via short run, whereas we revealed that the variables electric power consumption, electricity produced from nuclear sources, and energy usage have an adversative linkage to Pakistan’s economic growth. Feasible progressive policies are required from the Pakistani government to pay more attention for tackling the energy and power sectors’ issues in terms of fulfilling the country’s energy requirements.

With the rapid advancements in technologies like smart grid, network communication, information infrastructures, bidirectional communication medium’s, energy conservation methodologies and diverse techniques, Home area networks (HANs) have undergone a revolutionary change pertaining to various areas of power consumption domains like electricity usage patterns, energy conservation at consumption premises, etc. Under a robust smart grid paradigm, modern home equipped with HEMS contributes significantly towards efficiency improvement, economizing energy usage, reliability, as well as conserving energy for distributed systems. The objective of the paper is to present a comprehensive review covering the various technical and conceptual aspects of efficient power management at home front. A systematic review proposed by several researchers till date in this area is considered. The study focuses on the concepts, technical background, architecture and infrastructure along with various schemes as well as goals including various issues and challenges faced with HEMS systems. The research paper proposes a novel methodology for improvising the home design architecture by incorporating the concept of green building in order to reduce the energy consumption done by a resident at their home front. The concept of HEM systems or SHEMS is not just about proposing new models to save energy, power management, or making energy efficient appliances to be used at home front but also about creating awareness among the consumers and motivating them to participate in the activities related to power conservation in active manner. The study have shown the, impact of various schemes over the peak load reduction with Optimization based residential energy management (OREM) technique showing the reduction in power consumption showing a cut down of about 35% in the overall electricity bill.

Irrigation is a land management practice with major environmental impacts. However, global energy consumption and carbon emissions resulting from irrigation remain unknown. We assess the worldwide energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with irrigation, while also measuring the potential energy and carbon reductions achievable through the adoption of efficient and low-carbon irrigation practices. Currently, irrigation contributes 216 million metric tons of CO 2 emissions and consumes 1896 petajoules of energy annually, representing 15% of greenhouse gas emissions and energy utilized in agricultural operations. Despite only 40% of irrigated agriculture relies on groundwater sources, groundwater pumping accounts for 89% of the total energy consumption in irrigation. Projections indicate that future expansion of irrigation could lead to a 28% increase in energy usage. Embracing highly efficient, low-carbon irrigation methods has the potential to cut energy consumption in half and reduce CO 2 emissions by 90%. However, considering country-specific feasibility of mitigation options, global CO 2 emissions may only see a 55% reduction. Our research offers comprehensive insights into the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with irrigation, contributing valuable information that can guide assessments of the viability of irrigation in enhancing adaptive capacity within the agricultural sector. The global energy and carbon footprint of irrigation remain uncertain. Here, the authors show that energy consumption and carbon emissions from irrigation are primarily driven by groundwater pumping and are significant in major agricultural nations.”