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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the aspects of the demonstration process of Indonesia's regulation on nickel export restriction for its eligibility to be excluded from Article XI:1 GATT. It also analyses the possibility of the use of an environmental approach in the demonstration process and for an alternative measure in its implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a normative research method in conducting its analysis. It analyses Indonesia's nickel export restriction policy based on the European Union's claim regarding quantitative restriction, with the international trade governance in the WTO framework, and certain international trade principles. The study also involves certain WTO jurisprudence to give a comprehensive analysis to the case. Findings This paper finds that Indonesia still needs to provide a complete and comprehensive demonstration to prove its eligibility for exclusion from Article XI:1. Demonstrating merely based on an economic approach is inadequate to convince the panel in Indonesia – measure relating to raw material for justification under Article XI:2. This study further finds that both parties generally focus on the economic aspect, which leaves room for conflict of interest. Other aspects with a lower probability of conflict of interest, such as the environmental approach, could be an alternative for the implementation. Originality/value This paper fulfils the need to provide a scientific analysis of the application of Indonesia's nickel export restriction policy, including its proceedings in WTO's dispute settlement body, which is essential for international trade governance enforcement.

The family that owns the company that makes OxyContin is calling a Massachusetts' lawsuit false and misleading. This is the Sackler family's first court response to allegations that individual family members helped fuel the deadly opioid epidemic. Attorneys for the Sackler family say the claims must be dismissed. Massachusetts was among the first state government to sue the family as well as the company last year.

This 4-part series aims to inform environmental health specialists of the duties and requirements for federal meat and poultry inspectors and the companies they regulate. The other parts of the series will be presented in subsequent issues of the Journal of Environmental Health. This special report presents part 1 and starts with the history, responsibilities, and general requirements of federal meat and poultry inspectors. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) comes under the authority of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. FSIS began with the Meat Inspection Act of June 1906 and has developed through the years into the current public health agency that regulates sanitation, labeling, and food safety requirements at federally inspected meat and poultry producing companies (Animals and Animal Products, 2023a).

Voters in Iowa sent three state Supreme Court justices packing on Tuesday after advocacy groups targeted them for their ruling last year in favor of gay marriage. The National Organization for Marriage, which spent about $600,000 to defeat the justices, hailed the outcome as a \"powerful message to any judge who thinks they can impose gay marriage by judicial fiat against the wishes of the people.\"

Highlights of a report by the Energy Institute at The University of Texas at Austin concerning shale gas development and the use of hydraulic fracturing technology and its impact on the environment are presented. Among the findings was that no aquifer contamination resulted from hydraulic fracturing operations.