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"Engineering geology"
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Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment
Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years, making great contributions to industrialization. Given the increasing demand for energy, along with the restructuring of the energy supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy, deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy- and resource-related problems in the future. However, deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage, with many challenges presented by the high-pressure, low-temperature, and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas, which are inaccessible to human activities. Thus, considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable, economic, reliable, and safe deep seabed mining. This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea mining activities, presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s, summarizes the development, theory, and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining (i.e., exploration, extraction, and closure), and discusses the engineering geology environment, geological disasters, in-situ monitoring techniques, environmental protection requirements, and environmental effects in detail. Finally, this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.
Journal Article
Geological evaluation for the carbon dioxide geological utilization and storage (CGUS) site: A review
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) geological utilization and storage (CGUS) is the key link of CO
2
capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The accurate characterization of the geological body structure is a vital prerequisite of CGUS. This paper gives a review of the multi-scale three-dimensional geological structure characterization and site selection of CO
2
storage. It shows that there is a lack of systematic and high-precision methods for transparency characterization of multi-scale three-dimensional engineering geological structure and hydrogeological structure of a CO
2
storage site. There is no clear understanding of the fracture evolution and gas-liquid migration process of multi-scale geological body structure under the disturbance of CO
2
injection. There is a lack of sufficient quantitative methods for the dynamic evaluation of CO
2
geological storage potential. The geological suitability evaluation method for site selection of CO
2
storage is rough and has poor applicability, which is difficult to satisfy the urgent needs of CGUS site selection in the whole process of CO
2
sequestration industrialization in the future. Thus, it is required to conduct studies on the transparency characterization of geological body structure and intelligent site selection for CO
2
storage, which is of great importance for CGUS engineering practice.
Journal Article
Applications of Palaeontology
Palaeontology, the scientific study of fossils, has developed from a descriptive science to an analytical science used to interpret relationships between earth and life history. This book provides a comprehensive and thematic treatment of applied palaeontology, covering the use of fossils in the ordering of rocks in time and in space, in biostratigraphy, palaeobiology and sequence stratigraphy. Robert Wynn Jones presents a practical workflow for applied palaeontology, including sample acquisition, preparation and analysis, and interpretation and integration. He then presents numerous case studies that demonstrate the applicability and value of the subject to areas such as petroleum, mineral and coal exploration and exploitation, engineering geology and environmental science. Specialist applications outside of the geosciences (including archaeology, forensic science, medical palynology, entomopalynology and melissopalynology) are also addressed. Abundantly illustrated and referenced, Applications of Palaeontology provides a user-friendly reference for academic researchers and professionals across a range of disciplines and industry settings.
eBook
Digital intelligence well construction technology based on engineering geology integration——Take ZD oilfield as an example
After nearly 30 years of exploration and development, ZD Oilfield has entered the development period of ultra-high water cut, and has encountered technical and management bottlenecks in geological reservoirs, drilling and completion, and equipment and facilities. The underground wellbore is distributed in a three-dimensional staggered spider web, the anti-collision relationship is extremely complex, the construction is difficult, and the well control safety requirements are high. ZD Oilfield mainly uses 3D trajectory design model and mechanical simulation system to optimize well trajectory, automatic directional drilling system to realize geological and engineering integration and efficient operation management, real drilling monitoring system to improve drilling engineering efficiency, and wellbore risk intelligent early warning and decision-making system to effectively reduce drilling engineering risk. Through the strict operation management and the auxiliary application of intelligent means on site, the efficiency of drilling and completion operations and the scientific decision-making of decision-making are improved, and the quality of well construction projects is improved. If the drilling difficulty continues to increase, the drilling cycle and well construction cycle will decrease from 11.89 days and 23.01 days in 2021 to 8.42 days and 19.91 days in 2024, respectively, and the cementing quality pass rate will increase from 74.18% to 97.41%. At the same time, the drilling and completion problems of the long and stable slope section of the highly difficult and large deviate well were overcome.
Journal Article
Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: progress, opportunities and challenges
Consideration of soil as a living ecosystem offers the potential for innovative and sustainable solutions to geotechnical problems. This is a new paradigm for many in geotechnical engineering. Realising the potential of this paradigm requires a multidisciplinary approach that embraces biology and geochemistry to develop techniques for beneficial ground modification. This paper assesses the progress, opportunities, and challenges in this emerging field. Biomediated geochemical processes, which consist of a geochemical reaction regulated by subsurface microbiology, currently being explored include mineral precipitation, gas generation, biofilm formation and biopolymer generation. For each of these processes, subsurface microbial processes are employed to create an environment conducive to the desired geochemical reactions among the minerals, organic matter, pore fluids, and gases that constitute soil. Geotechnical applications currently being explored include cementation of sands to enhance bearing capacity and liquefaction resistance, sequestration of carbon, soil erosion control, groundwater flow control, and remediation of soil and groundwater impacted by metals and radionuclides. Challenges in biomediated ground modification include upscaling processes from the laboratory to the field, in situ monitoring of reactions, reaction products and properties, developing integrated biogeochemical and geotechnical models, management of treatment by-products, establishing the durability and longevity/reversibility of the process, and education of engineers and researchers.
Journal Article