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"English as a second language learning"
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Blended language program evaluation
\"With the ever-increasing integration of new technologies in face-to-face instructional settings, approaches to modern language education pose numerous challenges to program evaluation. Blended Language Program Evaluation introduces an argument-based approach to guide program evaluators and stakeholders through planning, conducting, and appraising evaluation projects that result in useful outcomes leading to program improvement. Written for program evaluators and language professionals alike, the book discusses theoretical underpinnings for the proposed framework, describes the specifics of its effectuation at each of the three program levels: micro, meso, and macro levels. To illustrate the utility, flexibility, and application of the framework for evaluating blended language programs, the book presents four case studies conducted in diverse international contexts\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Grit and Foreign Language Enjoyment as Predictors of EFL Learners’ Online Engagement: The Mediating Role of Online Learning Self-efficacy
This study examined the relationship among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), second language L2 grit, online learning self-efficacy (OLSE), and online learning engagement among Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The study involved 578 Iranian EFL learners who completed self-report measures of the four constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to confirm the validity of the scales and test the hypothesized model. The findings indicate that FLE positively affects online learning engagement and OLSE positively influences online learning engagement. Additionally, the study found that online self-efficacy mediates the relationship between L2 grit and online learning engagement. These results highlight the importance of FLE and OLSE in promoting online learning engagement, and the mediating role of online self-efficacy in the interplay between L2 grit and online learning engagement. This research sheds more light on the understanding of the factors that influence online learning engagement among EFL learners and has important implications for both theory and practice.
Journal Article
Measuring Students’ Use of Zoom Application in Language Course Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
The study uses technology acceptance model (TAM) to gain insights into user reactions to the technology adopted for language learning. The study aims to analyze the correlation between the variables of TAM on using Zoom application in language learning, in addition to examining how gender and experience influence the use of technology. The participants of this study comprise of 75 undergraduate English-as-Foreign-Language learners who have studied for their courses online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study reveal a strong positive correlation between the actual use of Zoom and the students’ attitudes and behavioral intention. In addition, there is a positive correlation between computer self-efficacy and other variables (i.e. PU, actual use, PEU, attitude and behavioral intention). Further, while the results reveal that there is no correlation between the gender and any variables of the model, it has been found that experience is positively correlated with the variables of TAM.
Journal Article
Anxiety, enjoyment, and boredom in language learning amongst junior secondary students in rural China: How do they contribute to L2 achievement?
Building on the control-value theory, the present study examined the independent and joint predictive effects of three emotions—enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom—on L2 achievement over time. The participants of the study were a group of junior secondary English learners in rural China, a population that has hitherto never featured in L2 learning research. Questionnaire data and achievement data were collected at four different time points (Time 1–Time 4: T1–T4) from a large sample of 954 learners. Structural equation modeling results show that: (a) the three emotions at T1 predicted English achievement at T2 (one week after T1) and T3 (five weeks after T1) independently, while only enjoyment predicted achievement at T4 (nine weeks after T1); (b) when combined, enjoyment was the strongest and most enduring predictor across T2–T4, followed by anxiety predicting achievement at T2–T3 negatively, while boredom completely lost its predictive power across T2–T4.
Journal Article
The Effect of Imagery and On-Screen Text on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning From Audiovisual Input
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on learning vocabulary from audiovisual input. They have shown that learners can pick up new words incidentally when watching TV (Peters & Webb, 2018; Rodgers & Webb, 2019). Research has also shown that on-screen text (first language or foreign language subtitles) might increase learning gains (Montero Perez, Peters, Clarebout, & Desmet, 2014; Winke, Gass, & Sydorenko, 2010). Learning is sometimes explained in terms of the beneficial role of on-screen imagery in audiovisual input (Rodgers, 2018). However, little is known about imagery's effect on word learning and how it interacts with L1 subtitles and captions. This study investigates the effect of imagery in three TV viewing conditions: with L1 subtitles, with captions, and without subtitles. Data were collected with 142 Dutch-speaking learners of English as a foreign language. A pretest-posttest design was adopted in which learners watched a 12-minute excerpt from a documentary. The findings show that the captions group made the most vocabulary learning gains. Moreover, imagery was positively related to word learning. This means that words that were shown in close proximity to the aural occurrence of the words were more likely to be learned.
Journal Article
Educational AI Chatbots for Content and Language Integrated Learning
Using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology in learning environments is one of the latest challenges for educators and education policymakers. Conversational AI brings new possibilities for alternative and innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools, such as AI chatbots. This paper reports on field experiments with an AI chatbot and provides insights into its contribution to Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). More specifically, this paper presents an experimental use case of an educational AI chatbot called AsasaraBot, designed to teach high school students cultural content in a foreign language, i.e., English or French. The content is related to the Minoan Civilization, emphasizing the characteristic figurine of the Minoan Snake Goddess. The related chatbot-based educational program has been evaluated at public and private language schools in Greece. The findings from these experiments show that the use of AI chatbot technology for interactive ICT-based learning is suitable for learning foreign languages and cultural content at the same time. The AsasaraBot AI chatbot has been designed and implemented in the context of a postgraduate project using open-source and free software.
Journal Article
Learning English through out-of-school exposure. Which levels of language proficiency are attained and which types of input are important?
In this study we examined the level of English proficiency children can obtain through out-of-school exposure in informal contexts prior to English classroom instruction. The second aim was to determine the input types that fuel children's informal language acquisition. Language learning was investigated in 780 Dutch-speaking children (aged 10–12), who were tested on their English receptive vocabulary knowledge, listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Information about learner characteristics and out-of-school English exposure was gathered using questionnaires. The results show large language gains for a substantial number of children but also considerable individual differences. The most beneficial types of input were gaming, use of social media and speaking. These input types are interactive and multimodal and they involve language production. We also found that the various language tests largely measure the same proficiency component.
Journal Article
Undoing Appropriateness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Language Diversity in Education
In this article, Nelson Flores and Jonathan Rosa critique appropriateness-based approaches to language diversity in education. Those who subscribe to these approaches conceptualize standardized linguistic practices as an objective set of linguistic forms that are appropriate for an academic setting. In contrast, Flores and Rosa highlight the raciolinguistic ideologies through which racialized bodies come to be constructed as engaging in appropriately academic linguistic practices. Drawing on theories of language ideologies and racialization, they offer a perspective from which students classified as long-term English learners, heritage language learners, and Standard English learners can be understood to inhabit a shared racial positioning that frames their linguistic practices as deficient regardless of how closely they follow supposed rules of appropriateness. The authors illustrate how appropriateness-based approaches to language education are implicated in the reproduction of racial normativity by expecting language-minoritized students to model their linguistic practices after the white speaking subject despite the fact that the white listening subject continues to perceive their language use in racialized ways. They conclude with a call for reframing language diversity in education away from a discourse of appropriateness toward one that seeks to denaturalize standardized linguistic categories.
Journal Article
INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY ACQUISITION THROUGH VIEWING L2 TELEVISION AND FACTORS THAT AFFECT LEARNING
Research has begun to demonstrate that L2 words can be learned incidentally through watching audio-visual materials. Although there are a large number of studies that have investigated incidental vocabulary learning through reading a single text, there are no studies that have explored incidental vocabulary learning through viewing a single full-length TV program. The present study fills this gap. Additionally, three word-related variables (frequency of occurrence, cognateness, word relevance) and one learner-related variable (prior vocabulary knowledge) that might contribute to incidental vocabulary learning were examined. Two experiments were conducted with Dutch-speaking EFL learners to measure the effects of viewing TV on form recognition and meaning recall (Experiment 1) and meaning recognition (Experiment 2). The findings showed that viewing TV resulted in incidental vocabulary learning at the level of meaning recall and meaning recognition. The research also revealed that learning was affected by frequency of occurrence, prior vocabulary knowledge, and cognateness.
Journal Article
Importancia de la motivación en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del Inglés en estudiantes de una unidad educativa de Ecuador
Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal abordar la identificación de las características del aprendizaje del idioma inglés, así como establecer un enfoque teórico y metodológico integral. La naturaleza de la investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, mientras que el diseño de esta se presenta como no experimental y de tipo transversal. Las técnicas de investigación aplicadas abarcan tanto la observación como la realización de encuestas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que los estudiantes deben realizar mejoras sustanciales en las acciones que les posibiliten integrar competencias y habilidades para el adecuado desarrollo del idioma inglés.
Journal Article