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"English language Dictionaries Bengali."
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Simple measures of bridging lexical divergence help unsupervised neural machine translation for low-resource languages
Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (UNMT) approaches have gained widespread popularity in recent times. Though these approaches show impressive translation performance using only monolingual corpora of the languages involved, these approaches have mostly been tried on high-resource European language pairs viz. English–French, English–German, etc. In this paper, we explore UNMT for 6 Indic language pairs viz., Hindi–Bengali, Hindi–Gujarati, Hindi–Marathi, Hindi–Malayalam, Hindi–Tamil, and Hindi–Telugu which are low-resource language pairs. We additionally perform experiments on 4 European language pairs viz., English–Czech, English–Estonian, English–Lithuanian, and English–Finnish. We observe that the lexical divergence within these language pairs plays a big role in the success of UNMT. In this context, we explore three approaches viz., (i) script conversion, (ii) unsupervised bilingual embedding-based initialization to bring the vocabulary of the two languages closer, and (iii) dictionary word substitution using a bilingual dictionary. We found that the script conversion using a simple rule-based system benefits language pairs that have high cognate overlap but use different scripts. We observe that script conversion combined with word substitution using a dictionary further improves the UNMT performance. We use a ground truth bilingual dictionary in our dictionary word substitution experiments, and such dictionaries can also be obtained using unsupervised bilingual embeddings. We empirically demonstrate that minimizing lexical divergence using simple heuristics leads to significant improvements in the BLEU score for both related and distant language pairs.
Journal Article
New bilingual visual dictionary : English-Bengali
\"Over 1,000 useful, everyday words with highly realistic pictures, which help learners to easily identify the words and practice saying them in [English and Bengali] languages. A wide range of essential and popular subjects, such as: animals, arts, house, shapes, nature, school, technology and many more\"--Back cover.
Book
Motivation du lexique en bengali : onomatopées et autres termes expressifs
Well-known for its poetry, Bengali deserves our attention for several other specific items, such as onomatopœia, or word-formation “by imitation of natural sounds associated with the act or object to be denoted”, as defines The Penguin English Dictionary ; or else, other expressive terms where “choice of words whose sound fits their sense”. Out of a Corpus of 1680 examples gleaned by the author, out of reliable Bengali dictionaries, adding several more from memory of the spoken language, he is grateful to Mme Anne Szulmajster-Celnikier – as we mention later – who has provided her architechtonics of the subject thanks to her familiarity with the theories dear to Professors André Martinet and Claude Hagège.
Journal Article
Bangla DeConverter for Extraction of BanglaText from Universal Networking Language
The people in Bangladesh and two states (i.e., Tripura and West Bengal) in India, which is about 230 million of the world population, use Bangla as their first dialect. However, very few numbers of resources and tools are available for this language. This paper presents a Bangla DeConverter to extract Bangla texts from Universal Networking Language (UNL). It explains and illustrates the different phases of the proposed Bangla DeConverter. The syntactic linearization, the implementation of the results of the proposed Bangla DeConverter, and the extraction of a Bangla sentence from UNL expressions are presented in this paper. The Bangla DeConverter has been tested on UNL expressions of 300 Bangla sentences using a Russian and English Language Server. The proposed system generates 90% syntactically and semantically correct Bangla sentences with a UNL Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of 0.76.
Journal Article
How I teach - Celebrate the culture shock
Accept that you will make mistakes Even with the best of intentions, it is inevitable that at some stage you will make mistakes: demanding eye contact from the child whose cultural experience tells them that avoiding eye contact is the ultimate symbol of respect; trying to shake hands with the parent whose cultural comfort zone doesn't extend to physical contact with a relative stranger. Jennifer Murray teaches at the Deira International School in Dubai TOP 10 RESOURCES FOR ENGLISH AS AN ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE 1 Teaching tips Read these guides from England's schools inspectorate Ofsted on teaching English as an additional language (EAL). bit.ly/EALTips 2 Picture clue Don't let language be a barrier to good behaviour - use these visual prompts for class rules. bit.ly/PictureClue 3 Language fan Build your students a \"word fan\" with this template, which features vocabulary and pictures for common English terms that students may need to use. bit.ly/LanguageFan 4 Word search This resource provides the component parts for your students to build a picture dictionary of key words, from \"apple\" to \"zebra\". bit.ly/Dictionary ForEAL 5 Class act If you are one of the many teachers with non-English speakers in your class, this video offers practical advice to make your life easier and improve their learning. bit.ly/Class Strategies 6 Name the days Get everyone on the same timetable with this guide to the days of the week in a number of languages, from Polish and Lithuanian to Urdu and Bengali. bit.ly/NamingDay 7 Skills stretch Take your advanced English speakers to the next level with this checklist of areas to help extend their writing skills. bit.ly/SkillsStretch 8 Active vocabulary A worksheet containing a series of mini-tasks, including a crossword and word search, to help EAL students learn school-related vocabulary. bit.ly/ActiveVocab 9 Training day This series of training documents will set you on the path to becoming an expert in supporting EAL students before you can say \"Do you speak English?\" bit.ly/TrainingForEAL 10 Needs must Explore language development and barriers to learning with this presentation about EAL needs. bit.ly/EALPresentation.
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