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With a revised Introduction and with all chapters revised to bring them completely up-to date, this new edition remains the leading guide to research methods for final-year undergraduates, postgraduates taking Masters degrees and PhDs students of 19-20th century Literary Studies.

Focusing on work produced between 1880 and 1945, Literary Research and British Modernism: Strategies and Sources provides scholars with the necessary methods and tools for studying the literature of this period. This reference guide will facilitate research into the works of such major modernist writers as James Joyce, T. S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, E.M. Forster, Joseph Conrad, and Somerset Maugham, as well as lesser known or forgotten authors of the era. The book discusses research methodology and the best practices for the research process, especially regarding the research challenges unique to works of British modernism. This resource includes commentary on general literary reference materials; library catalogs; print and online bibliographies, indexes, and annual reviews; scholarly journals; contemporary reviews; period journals and newspapers; microform and digital collections; manuscripts and archives; and Web resources. This book is an important and helpful guide for researchers of British Modernism and general interested readers alike.

Literary Research and British Postmodernism is a guide for researchers of postwar British literature that defines best practices for scholars conducting research in this period. Individual chapters connect the complex relationships between print and multimedia, technological advancements, and the influence of critical theory that converge in postwar British literature.

The essays collected in this volume address the digital humanities' core tensions: fast and slow; surficial and nuanced; quantitative and qualitative.Scholars design algorithms and projects to process, aggregate, encode, and regularize historical texts and artifacts in order to position them for new and further interpretations.

Recognizing that every literary era presents scholars with particular challenges, this volume covers the best practices and describes important reference resources, both print and electronic, that can be used in conducting literary research of the British Renaissance and Early Modern period. Although the primary emphasis is on literature produced in England, the guide also covers literature from Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. This book addresses specific research characteristics integral to studying the period, including a more inclusive canon and the predominance of Shakespeare, a dual environment of print and manuscript production, the challenges of reading early modern handwriting, a lack of reviewing media, the role of translations, and researching non-standardized genres, among others. Central to this volume and to literary research of the era are the equally valid approaches to studying this literature through the more traditional Renaissance lens or through the varying theoretical approaches falling under the rubric early modern. Bowers and Keeran explore primary and secondary research resources of this era, including general literary research guides; union library catalogs; print and online bibliographies; scholarly journals; manuscripts and archives; microfilm and digitization projects; 17th-century periodicals; contemporary reception; translations and lexicons; genres; and electronic texts, journals, and Web resources. A final chapter, entitled \"Researching a Thorny Problem,\" demonstrates how many of the research tools and strategies presented in the volume can be employed to explore a question that perhaps has no definitive answer. Each chapter addresses how research methods and tools are best used to extract relevant information and compare and evaluate sources. The strengths and weaknesses of core and specialized electronic and print research tools and standard search techniques are also examined, making this book an invaluable guide to any scholar of the Renaissance and early modern era.

Multilingual students arrive in classrooms with rich language knowledge and funds of knowledge. Educators must recognize that emergent bilinguals speak multiple languages. They have one unitary language system; their language is bilingualism. Whether in a monolingual classroom setting or a multilingual setting, when working with emergent bilinguals, it is important that all of the students’ linguistic resources are welcomed into the classroom. The author describes how, as a first‐grade dual‐language (Spanish–English) teacher, she used children's literature and translanguaging to support her emergent bilinguals in using all of their linguistic resources to make meaning and build a linguistically sustaining space. The use of the text created a space for the teacher to model translanguaging and for the students to use all of their linguistic resources.

After outlining why a systematic review of research in English medium instruction (EMI) in higher education (HE) is urgently required, we briefly situate the rapidly growing EMI phenomenon in the broader field of research in which content and language have been considered and compare HE research outputs with those from other phases of education. An in-depth review of 83 studies in HE documents the growth of EMI in different geographical areas. We describe studies which have investigated university teachers’ beliefs and those of students before attempting to synthesise the evidence on whether teaching academic subjects through the medium of English as a second language (L2) is of benefit to developing English proficiency without a detrimental effect on content learning. We conclude that key stakeholders have serious concerns regarding the introduction and implementation of EMI despite sometimes recognising its inevitability. We also conclude that the research evidence to date is insufficient to assert that EMI benefits language learning nor that it is clearly detrimental to content learning. There are also insufficient studies demonstrating, through the classroom discourse, the kind of practice which may lead to beneficial outcomes. This insufficiency, we argue, is partly due to research methodology problems both at the micro and macro level.

Embracing a sociocultural perspective on human cognition and employing an array of methodological tools for data collection and analysis, this volume documents the complexities of second language teachers’ professional development in diverse L2 teacher education programs around the world, including Asia, South America, Europe, and North America, and traces that development both over time and within the broader cultural, historical and institutional settings and circumstances of teachers’ work. This systematic examination of teacher professional development illuminates in multiple ways the discursive practices that shape teachers’ knowing, thinking, and doing and provides a window into how alternative mediational means can create opportunities for teachers to move toward more theoretically and pedagogically sound instructional practices within the settings and circumstances of their work. The chapters represent both native and nonnative English speaking pre-service and in-service L2 teachers at all levels from K-12 through higher education, and examine significant challenges that are present in L2 teacher education programs. Karen E. Johnson is Liberal Arts Research Professor of Applied Linguistics, The Pennsylvania State University. Paula R. Golombek is Clinical Associate Professor, Linguistics, University of Florida. 1. A Sociocultural Perspective on Teacher Professional Development Karen E. Johnson, Pennsylvania State University, US and Paula Golombek, University of Florida, US Part I: Promoting Cultural Diversity and Legitimating Teacher Identities 2. Becoming a Culturally Responsive Teacher Elizabeth Smolcic, Pennsylvania State University, US 3. I’m Not Alone\": Empowering Non-Native English Speaking Teachers Davi Schirmer Reis, Duquesne University, US 4. Working Toward Social Inclusion Through Concept Development in L2 Teacher Education William Dunn, University of Alberta, Canada Part II: Concept Development in L2 Teacher Education 5. ‘Seeing’ L2 Teacher Learning: The Power of Context on Conceptualizing Teaching Sharon Childs, Pennsylvania State University, US 6. Embracing Literacy-based Teaching Heather Willis Allen, University of Miami, US 7. Synthesizing the Academic and the Everyday Gretchen Nauman, Yanshan University, China Part III: Strategic Mediation in L2 Teacher Education 8. Dynamic Assessment in Teacher Education Paula Golombek, University of Florida, US 9. Moodle as a Mediational Space Tatsuhiro Yoshida, Hyoga University, Japan 10. The Reverse Move: Enriching Informal Knowledge in the Pedagogical Grammar Class Deryn P. Verity, Osaka Jogakuin College, Japan 11. Strategic Mediation in Learning to Teach Karen E. Johnson and Ekaterina Arshavskaya, Pennsylvania State University, US Part IV: Teacher Learning in Inquiry-Based Professional Development 12. Teacher Learning through Critical Friends Groups Priya Poehner, Lockhaven University, US 13. Teacher Learning through Lesson Study Thomas Tasker, Department of State, Kiev Part V: Navigating Educational Policies and Curricular Mandates 14. Ten Years of CLT Curricular Reform Efforts in South Korea Eun-Ju Kim, Hanyang Women's University, Korea 15. Learning to Teach under Curricular Reform Kyungja Ahn, Seoul National University, Korea

For decades, AI applications in education (AIEd) have shown how AI can contribute to education. However, a challenge remains: how AIEd, guided by educational knowledge, can be made to meet specific needs in education, specifically in supporting learners’ autonomous learning. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the process of developing an AI-applied system that can assist learners in studying autonomously. Guided by a Learner-Generated Context (LGC) framework and development research methodology (Richey and Klein in J Comput High Educ 16(2):23–38, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02961473, 2005), we define a form of learning called “LGC-based learning,” setting specific study objectives in the design, development, and testing of an AI-based system that can facilitate Korean students’ LGC-based English language learning experience. The new system is developed based on three design principles derived from the literature review. We then recruit three Korean secondary-school students with different educational backgrounds and illustrate and analyze their English learning experiences using the system. Following this analysis, we discuss how the AI-based system facilitates LGC-based learning and further issues to be considered for future research.

Well-established theoretical models and a body of empirical research elucidate the critical role of content knowledge in comprehending texts. However, the potential of supporting knowledge in service of enhancing linguistic and reading comprehension has been a relatively neglected topic in the science of reading. The authors explicate why knowledge building in English language arts instruction (i.e., content-rich instruction) can support language and content knowledge, leading to better linguistic and reading comprehension, based on theoretical arguments and empirical studies. In particular, the authors review the evidence on this claim, paying special attention to experimental trials conducted in K–2 settings. The authors also share preliminary findings from a novel intervention study testing one instantiation of a widely used content-rich English language arts curriculum. Whereas this growing literature base demonstrates evidence of promise, further rigorous trials are needed to examine the efficacy of this integrative approach to teaching reading for understanding.