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"Engraving"
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Ilusión o realidad: el grabado de John Breval asociado a las ruinas de Itálica en la colina de San Antonio de Santiponce, 1726
Abstract The engraving on plate 313 in the second volume of Remarks on Several Parts of Europe by John Breval, titled Ruins of an ancient Temple at Old Sevil , depicts a promontory with various ruins surrounded by vegetation. In recent decades, it has been associated with the ruins of the Roman city of Italica located on the hill of San Antonio in Santiponce, Seville. The increase in archaeological campaigns in this area, where the Roman theater and other buildings of the Vetus Urbs are found, as well as efforts to include the archaeological complex in the UNESCO World Heritage List, have bolstered the use of this engraving. INTRODUCCIÓN En el marco de una investigación más extensa sobre la documentación y análisis del Patrimonio Documental Gráfico de los bienes inmuebles del Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica, se analizó en profundidad, entre otros documentos, el grabado titulado «Ruins of an antient Temple at Old Sevil» (fig. 1), que el académico, militar y viajero inglés John Breval incluyó en 1726 en el capitulo dedicado a Sevilla dentro del segundo volumen de sus diarios de viaje, Remarks on Several Parts of Europe (Breval, 1726b), en concreto, en una lamina numerada «vol. 2, pag. 313».
Journal Article
The evolution of early symbolic behavior in Homo sapiens
How did human symbolic behavior evolve? Dating up to about 100,000 y ago, the engraved ochre and ostrich eggshell fragments from the South African Blombos Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter provide a unique window into presumed early symbolic traditions of Homo sapiens and how they evolved over a period of more than 30,000 y. Using the engravings as stimuli, we report five experiments which suggest that the engravings evolved adaptively, becoming better-suited for human perception and cognition. More specifically, they became more salient, memorable, reproducible, and expressive of style and human intent. However, they did not become more discriminable over time between or within the two archeological sites. Our observations provide support for an account of the Blombos and Diepkloof engravings as decorations and as socially transmitted cultural traditions. By contrast, there was no clear indication that they served as denotational symbolic signs. Our findings have broad implications for our understanding of early symbolic communication and cognition in H. sapiens.
Journal Article
rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar
Significance The production of purposely made painted or engraved designs on cave walls is recognized as a major cognitive step in human evolution, considered exclusive to modern humans. Here we present the first known example of an abstract pattern engraved by Neanderthals, from Gorham’s Cave in Gibraltar. It consists of a deeply impressed cross-hatching carved into the bedrock of the cave older than 39 cal kyr. The engraving was made before the accumulation of Mousterian layer IV. Most of the lines composing the design were made by repeatedly and carefully passing a pointed lithic tool into the grooves, excluding the possibility of an unintentional or utilitarian origin. This discovery demonstrates the Neanderthals’ capacity for abstract thought and expression.
Journal Article
A series of engravings by Matthew Baillie (1761–1823)
A look at the anatomical engravings by Matthew Baillie and the impact they had on surgical learning.
Journal Article