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"Environmental associations"
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Everyday sustainability : gender justice and fair trade tea in Darjeeling
\"Everyday Sustainability takes readers to ground zero of market-based sustainability initiatives--Darjeeling, India--where Fair Trade ostensibly promises gender justice to minority Nepali women engaged in organic tea production. These women tea farmers and plantation workers have distinct entrepreneurial strategies and everyday practices of social justice that at times dovetail with and at other times rub against the tenets of the emerging global morality market. The author questions why women beneficiaries of transnational justice-making projects remain skeptical about the potential for economic and social empowerment through Fair Trade while simultaneously seeking to use the movement to give voice to their situated demands for mobility, economic advancement, and community level social justice.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Corrigendum to \A historical checklist of the orchid flora (Orchidaceae) of Quito, Ecuador\
Table 1 in \"A historical checklist of the orchid flora (Orchidaceae) of Quito, Ecuador\" by Carrera and Baquero (2025) was inadvertently and unfortunately excluded from the published article. The editors deeply regret this oversight and apologize to the authors and readers. Table 1 is provided below.
Journal Article
Multi-model seascape genomics identifies distinct environmental drivers of selection among sympatric marine species
Background As global change and anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, conservation and management increasingly needs to consider species’ potential to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to characterise the main selective forces acting on ecosystems, and how these may influence the evolutionary potential of populations and species. Using a multi-model seascape genomics approach, we compare putative environmental drivers of selection in three sympatric southern African marine invertebrates with contrasting ecology and life histories: Cape urchin (Parechinus angulosus), Common shore crab (Cyclograpsus punctatus), and Granular limpet (Scutellastra granularis). Results Using pooled (Pool-seq), restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and seven outlier detection methods, we characterise genomic variation between populations along a strong biogeographical gradient. Of the three species, only S. granularis showed significant isolation-by-distance, and isolation-by-environment driven by sea surface temperatures (SST). In contrast, sea surface salinity (SSS) and range in air temperature correlated more strongly with genomic variation in C. punctatus and P. angulosus. Differences were also found in genomic structuring between the three species, with outlier loci contributing to two clusters in the East and West Coasts for S. granularis and P. angulosus, but not for C. punctatus. Conclusion The findings illustrate distinct evolutionary potential across species, suggesting that species-specific habitat requirements and responses to environmental stresses may be better predictors of evolutionary patterns than the strong environmental gradients within the region. We also found large discrepancies between outlier detection methodologies, and thus offer a novel multi-model approach to identifying the principal environmental selection forces acting on species. Overall, this work highlights how adding a comparative approach to seascape genomics (both with multiple models and species) can elucidate the intricate evolutionary responses of ecosystems to global change.
Journal Article
Integrating SNP data to reveal the adaptive selection features of goat populations in extreme environments
The frequent occurrence of extreme climate events globally has elevated the requirements for environmental adaptability in livestock and poultry. Some goat populations have shown strong adaptability in specific extreme environments, and their genomes often leave genetic traces of adaptive evolution. This study integrated global goat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip data and raster data of 11 environmental variables. We retained 162 native goat populations and analyzed the environmental data of their regions. We detected 23 candidate genes related to environmental adaptation using selection signal analysis and genome-environment association analysis. After that, we screened out goat populations in extreme environments based on environmental data. Then, we used three selection signal analysis methods (F
ST
, XPEHH and θπ methods) to detect the genomes of these goat populations. In four different extreme environments (high elevation, hot, cold, and arid), 91, 43, 21, and 115 candidate genes were identified, respectively. Combined with studies related to environmental adaptation, we found that genes such as
GULP1
,
GPC5
,
GPC6
, and
PDE4D
may play important roles in the adaptation of goats to extreme environments. This study provides new insights into the adaptive mechanism of goats in extreme environments and provides an important theoretical basis for goat breed improvement and stress resistance breeding. At the same time, these findings also provide a reference for the study of the adaptability of other livestock in extreme environments.
Journal Article
Interactions between genetics and environment shape Camelina seed oil composition
Background
Camelina sativa
(gold-of-pleasure) is a traditional European oilseed crop and emerging biofuel source with high levels of desirable fatty acids. A twentieth century germplasm bottleneck depleted genetic diversity in the crop, leading to recent interest in using wild relatives for crop improvement. However, little is known about seed oil content and genetic diversity in wild
Camelina
species.
Results
We used gas chromatography, environmental niche assessment, and genotyping-by-sequencing to assess seed fatty acid composition, environmental distributions, and population structure in
C. sativa
and four congeners, with a primary focus on the crop’s wild progenitor,
C. microcarpa.
Fatty acid composition differed significantly between
Camelina
species, which occur in largely non-overlapping environments. The crop progenitor comprises three genetic subpopulations with discrete fatty acid compositions. Environment, subpopulation, and population-by-environment interactions were all important predictors for seed oil in these wild populations. A complementary growth chamber experiment using
C. sativa
confirmed that growing conditions can dramatically affect both oil quantity and fatty acid composition in
Camelina
.
Conclusions
Genetics, environmental conditions, and genotype-by-environment interactions all contribute to fatty acid variation in
Camelina
species. These insights suggest careful breeding may overcome the unfavorable FA compositions in oilseed crops that are predicted with warming climates.
Journal Article
Where the wild things are: genetic associations of environmental adaptation in the Oryza rufipogon species complex
Crop wild relatives host unique adaptation strategies that enable them to thrive across a wide range of habitats. As pressures from a changing climate mount, a more complete understanding of the genetic variation that underlies this adaptation could enable broader utilization of wild materials for crop improvement. Here, we carry out environmental association analyses (EAA) in the Oryza rufipogon species complex (ORSC), the wild progenitor of cultivated Asian rice, to identify genomic regions associated with environmental adaptation characterized by variation in bioclimatic and soil variables. We further examine regions for colocalizations with phenotypic associations within the same collection. EAA results indicate that significant regions tend to associate with single environmental variables, although 2 significant loci on chromosomes 3 and 5 are detected as common across multiple variable types (i.e. precipitation, temperature, and/or soil). Distributions of allele frequencies at significant loci across subpopulations of cultivated Oryza sativa indicate that, in some cases, adaptive variation may already be present among cultivars, although evaluation in cultivated populations is needed to empirically test this. This work has implications for the potential utility of wild genetic resources in pre-breeding efforts for rice improvement.
Journal Article
Disentangling complex genomic signals to understand population structure of an exploited, estuarine‐dependent flatfish
Interpreting contemporary patterns of population structure requires an understanding of the interactions among microevolutionary forces and past demographic events. Here, 4,122 SNP‐containing loci were used to assess structure in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) sampled across its range in the US Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and relationships among components of genomic variation and spatial and environmental variables were assessed across estuarine population samples in the Gulf. While hierarchical Amova revealed significant heterogeneity within and between the Atlantic and Gulf, pairwise comparisons between samples within ocean basins demonstrated that all significant heterogeneity occurred within the Gulf. The distribution of Tajima's D estimated at a genome‐wide scale differed significantly from equilibrium in all estuaries, with more negative values occurring in the Gulf. Components of genomic variation were significantly associated with environmental variables describing individual estuaries, and environment explained a larger component of variation than spatial proximity. Overall, results suggest that there is genetic spatial autocorrelation caused by shared larval sources for proximal nurseries (migration/drift), but that it is modified by environmentally driven differentiation (selection). This leads to conflicting signals in different parts of the genome and creates patterns of divergence that do not correspond to paradigms of strong local directional selection. 4,122 SNP‐containing loci were used to assess structure in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) sampled across its range in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Components of genomic variation were significantly associated with environmental variables describing individual estuaries, and environment explained a larger component of variation than spatial proximity. In sum, results suggest that there is genetic spatial autocorrelation caused by shared larval sources for proximal nurseries (migration/drift), but that it is modified by environmentally driven differentiation (selection).
Journal Article
Camouflage and Individual Variation in Shore Crabs
Camouflage is widespread throughout the natural world and conceals animals from predators in a vast range of habitats. Because successful camouflage usually involves matching aspects of the background environment, species and populations should evolve appearances tuned to their local habitat, termed phenotype-environment associations. However, although this has been studied in various species, little work has objectively quantified the appearances of camouflaged animals from different habitats, or related this to factors such as ontogeny and individual variation. Here, we tested for phenotype-environment associations in the common shore crab (Carcinus maenas), a species highly variable in appearance and found in a wide range of habitats. We used field surveys and digital image analysis of the colors and patterns of crabs found in four locations around Cornwall in the UK to quantify how individuals vary with habitat (predominantly rockpool, mussel bed, and mudflat). We find that individuals from sites comprising different backgrounds show substantial differences in several aspects of color and pattern, and that this is also dependent on life stage (adult or juvenile). Furthermore, the level of individual variation is dependent on site and life stage, with juvenile crabs often more variable than adults, and individuals from more homogenous habitats less diverse. Ours is the most comprehensive study to date exploring phenotype-environment associations for camouflage and individual variation in a species, and we discuss the implications of our results in terms of the mechanisms and selection pressures that may drive this.
Journal Article
The effect of social media environmental information exposure on the intention to participate in pro-environmental behavior
With the threat of global warming, countries worldwide have enhanced their environmental campaigns on social media to increase users’ willingness to take pro-environmental actions. In this study, we examined the direct and indirect effects of exposure to environmental information on Chinese young adults’ (18–25 years old) intention to participate in environmental protection actions (e.g., recycling, using public transportation, involvement in an environmental group, and participation in eco-friendly events). Data were collected from a sample of 291 Chinese young adults using a web-based survey and a thoroughly designed questionnaire. The accumulated data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Hierarchical regression and mediation analysis were performed for testing hypotheses. The results indicated that exposure to environmental information on Chinese social media platforms (WeChat and Xiaohongshu) positively affected individuals’ intention to participate in pro-environmental behavior, perceived pro-environmental behavior control, pro-environmental attitude, and fear of victimization. The indirect effect demonstrated that pro-environmental behavior control and attitude mediated the relationship between exposure to environmental information on both WeChat and Xiaohongshu and the intention to participate in pro-environmental behavior. Extending the existing literature, this study provides empirical evidence on the influence of environmental information exposure on the intention to participate in environmental protection among Chinese adults. In addition, it provides valuable insights into the mediating mechanisms involving cognitive, psychological, and emotional factors in this relationship. Policy makers should implement effective pro-environmental promotions on social media to inspire individuals to engage in environmentally friendly actions. In addition, social media managers should strictly authenticate and remove misleading environmental content.
Journal Article