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Background Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis. Current urate-lowering therapies have limitations, such as adverse drug reactions or limited efficacy. Epaminurad is a novel selective human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitor that has been shown to reduce serum urate (sUA) levels in healthy volunteers and patients with gout. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the urate-lowering efficacy and safety of epaminurad compared with placebo in patients with gout, and to determine the optimal dose. Methods This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2b clinical trial, which incorporated a standard-treatment reference arm, enrolled patients aged 19–70 years with gout and sUA level ≥ 0.42 mmol/L. Participants received gout prophylaxis and followed therapeutic lifestyle changes, and were randomized to receive epaminurad 3 mg, 6 mg or 9 mg, or febuxostat 80 mg, or matching placebo, once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sUA level < 0.36 mmol/L at week 4 after initiation of study treatment. Statistical comparisons were performed between the epaminurad and placebo groups. Results Overall, 169 patients received study medication (99.40% male, mean ± SD age 48.26 ± 13.15 years, sUA level 0.53 ± 0.09 mmol/L). Mean adherence to treatment was > 90% in all groups. The proportion of patients with sUA < 0.36 mmol/L at week 4 was significantly higher in each epaminurad group (9 mg, 88.89%; 6 mg, 71.79%; 3 mg, 54.05%) compared with placebo (0.00%) (all p  < 0.0001). The response rate in the febuxostat group was 84.21%. The proportion of patients who achieved sUA < 0.30 mmol/L, and mean percent and absolute change in sUA, were also significantly greater in all epaminurad groups versus placebo at week 4. Outcomes were consistent at weeks 8 and 12. The adverse event rate did not differ between epaminurad groups and placebo, and most events were mild. There were no significant differences in mean serum creatinine levels or liver function parameters between the epaminurad groups and placebo. Conclusions Epaminurad was effective at reducing sUA levels in patients with gout. The study also confirmed the safety and tolerability profile during 12 weeks of treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04804111 (registered on 15 November 2020).

Epaminurad, a novel uricosuric agent, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against the human uric acid transporter. This study aimed to investigate the effects of renal function and food intake on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety characteristics of 9 mg epaminurad. This study was designed as a phase 1, partially randomized, open‐label, oral administration, partial crossover trial. Participants were assigned to three groups based on renal function: normal (Group 1), moderate renal impairment classified as Stage 3a (Group 2) and Stage 3b (Group 3). Each group aimed to enroll 6–10 participants. Blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of epaminurad. Safety assessments were also conducted throughout the study. A total of 27 participants completed the study, including 12 with normal renal function (Group 1) and 9 and 6 participants with moderate renal impairment (Groups 2 and 3), respectively. When a single 9 mg dose of epaminurad was administered under fasted conditions, the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles did not show clear differences among the renal function groups. Furthermore, no notable differences were observed in these profiles between the fasted and fed states. Patients with moderate renal impairment can receive (eGFR of 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) 9 mg epaminurad without dose adjustment, and the drug may be administered regardless of food intake.