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"Epidemiology Dictionary English."
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A dictionary of epidemiology
Over 1,650 entries
The completely revised, and updated edition of this classic text—sponsored by the International Epidemiological Association (IEA) and previously edited by John Last—remains the definitive dictionary in epidemiology worldwide. In fact, with contributions from over 220 epidemiologists and other users of epidemiology from around the globe, it is more than a dictionary: it includes explanations and comments on both core epidemiologic terms and on other scientific terms relevant to all professionals in clinical medicine and public health, as well as to professionals in the other health, life, and social sciences. Anyone seeking clarity on epidemiologic and methodological definitions important to human health will find it here. On the eve of a field trip to a foreign land, a health scientist remarked that if he had to limit his professional library to one volume on epidemiology, this would be the book he would choose.
eBook
ChunkUIE: Chunked instruction-based unified information extraction
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various linguistic tasks. However, existing LLMs perform inadequately in information extraction tasks for both Chinese and English. Numerous studies attempt to enhance model performance by increasing the scale of training data. However, discrepancies in the number and type of schemas used during training and evaluation can harm model effectiveness. To tackle this challenge, we propose ChunkUIE, a unified information extraction model that supports Chinese and English. We design a chunked instruction construction strategy that randomly and reproducibly divides all schemas into chunks containing an identical number of schemas. This approach ensures that the union of schemas across all chunks encompasses all schemas. By limiting the number of schemas in each instruction, this strategy effectively addresses the performance degradation caused by inconsistencies in schema counts between training and evaluation. Additionally, we construct some challenging negative schemas using a predefined hard schema dictionary, which mitigates the model’s semantic confusion regarding similar schemas. Experimental results demonstrate that ChunkUIE enhances zero-shot performance in information extraction.
Journal Article
Beyond neat classifications: A case for the in-betweens
Simplified, reductionist approaches to curriculum design and delivery are pervasive in science education. In ecological curricula—particularly in, but not limited to K-12—biomes, ecosystems, habitats, and other units of study are simplified and presented as static, easily identified and described entities. Characteristics, components, and representative phenomena of each are taught, and student learning of these things is evaluated. However, this approach minimizes the complexity and dynamic nature of environments whether natural, human built, or some hybrid of the two. In this paper, I make a case for studying environments and environmental issues in all of their spatial, temporal, and compositional complexity from the very earliest ages as a way to increase environmental literacy among individuals as well as in the population as a whole. This, in effect, will cultivate learners with a better, more nuanced understanding of the natural world and will lead to citizens, professionals, and policymakers who are more inclined, have more efficacious intellectual tools, and who are better able to address the environmental issues and crises such as climate change, sea-level rise, wildfires, epidemics and pandemics, drought, and crop failure, that are becoming more common and more critical in the 21st century.
Journal Article
A Dictionary of Epidemiology
Over 2,000 entries
This sixth edition of A Dictionary of Epidemiology—the most updated since its inception—reflects the profound substantive and methodological changes that have come to characterize epidemiology and its associated disciplines. Sponsored by the International Epidemiological Association, this work remains the essential reference for anyone studying or working in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health, medicine, or the growing number of health sciences in which epidemiologic competency is now required.
More than just a dictionary, this text is an essential guidebook to the state of the science. It offers the most current, authoritative definitions of terms central to biomedical and public health literature—everything from confounding and incidence rate to epigenetic inheritance and Number Needed to Treat. As epidemiology continues to change and grow, A Dictionary of Epidemiology will remain its work of record.
eBook
Africa: A Guide to Reference Material
Included are works in English and other European languages that met the main selection criteria of providing \"factual data\" and \"rapid consultation\": handbooks, yearbooks, statistics, directories, historical dictionaries and biographical sources, atìases and gazetteers, checklists, and field guides. Given the tremendous increase since the early 1990s in research on health and disease in Africa, especially on HIV/ AIDS, malaria, women's reproductive health, and other topics in epidemiology, it would have been enormously beneficial to include entries for selected print and electronic statistical publications, such as those from the Demographic and Health Survey (www.measuredhs.com), the WHO Regional Office for Africa (afro . who. int), UNAIDS (www.unaids.org; www. unaids.org), national ministries of health, and major health NGOs for each country.
Book Review