Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
402
result(s) for
"Equality Computer networks."
Sort by:
Geographies of digital exclusion : data power and inequality
\"Today's urban environments are layered with data and algorithms that fundamentally shape how we perceive and move through space. Now that over half of humanity is connected to the internet, are our digitally dense environments continuing to amplify inequalities rather than alleviate them? This book looks at the key contours of information inequality, and who, what, and where gets left out when space becomes digital. Platforms like Google Maps and Wikipedia have become important gateways to understanding the world. This book reveals how these platforms are characterised by significant gaps and biases, often driven by processes of exclusion. As a consequence, their digital augmentations tend to be refractions rather than reflections: they highlight only some facets of the world at the expense of others. However, this doesn't mean that more equitable futures aren't possible. By outlining the mechanisms through which our digital and material worlds intersect, the authors conclude with a roadmap for what alternative digital geographies might look like.\"--Back cover.
Book
Geographies of Digital Exclusion
Today's urban environments are layered with data and algorithms that fundamentally shape how we perceive and move through space. But are our digitally dense environments continuing to amplify inequalities rather than alleviate them? This book looks at the key contours of information inequality, and who, what and where gets left out. Platforms like Google Maps and Wikipedia have become important gateways to understanding the world, and yet they are characterised by significant gaps and biases, often driven by processes of exclusion. As a result, their digital augmentations tend to be refractions rather than reflections: they highlight only some facets of the world at the expense of others. This doesn't mean that more equitable futures aren't possible. By outlining the mechanisms through which our digital and material worlds intersect, the authors conclude with a roadmap for what alternative digital geographies might look like.
eBook
Cross-domain encryption scheme with equality test for wireless body area networks
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are rapidly becoming a vital component of the medical industry, in which massive body data is encrypted and then uploaded to the cloud server. In order to search for the encrypted data, the concept of public key encryption adopting equality test has been presented. However, previous schemes of equality test require communication entities in different domain networks to share the same cryptographic parameters, which is not suitable for the cross-domain environment. To break this restraint, we propose a cross-domain encryption scheme with equality test using different parameters for WBANS, in which ciphertexts are from certificateless crypto system (CLC) to identity-based crypto system (IBC). Through the rigorous security analysis, our scheme can carry out the one-way security under a chosen identity attack (OW-ID-CCA) as well as the known session-specific temporary information security (KSTIS). Moreover, the detailed efficiency analysis shows that our scheme saves at least 11% of the total computation cost over four latest schemes.
Journal Article
IBEET-RSA: Identity-Based Encryption with Equality Test over RSA for Wireless Body Area Networks
Wireless body area network (WBAN) constitutes a widely implemented technique for remote acquisition and monitoring of patient health-related information via the use of embodied sensors. Given that security and privacy protection, including, but not limited to user authentication, integrity, and confidentiality, are both key challenges and a matter of deep concern when it comes to the deployment of emerging technologies in healthcare applications, state-of-the-art measures and solutions are needed to fully address security and privacy concerns in an effective and sensible manner by considering all the benefits and limitation of remote healthcare systems. In this paper, we proposed an efficient and secure identity-based encryption scheme under the RSA assumption providing equality test. We then proved the security of our scheme for one-way secure against chosen-identity and chosen-ciphertext attacks (OW-ID-CCA) by means of the random oracle model. The performance evaluation results indicated that our scheme outperforms other security schemes in terms of providing relatively low computational cost and stable compatibility with WBAN applications.
Journal Article
Structural equality at the top of the corporation: Mandated quotas for women directors
We propose a concept of structural equality as a compromise between competing policy preferences of equality and individual liberty to address a stunning property of the governance of corporations, namely, the paucity of female directors on corporate boards. An argument for imposing a quota for women directors on boards is the need to disrupt structural impediments to permit endogenous mechanisms to sustain female recruitment beyond a critical mass. Using estimates from the Norwegian experiment, we apply an agent-based model to American board data to show that modest numerical quotas generate well-connected networks of women directors who attain equality in their centrality and influence. The analysis demonstrates the utility of computational social science for identifying policies that generate alternative and possible worlds of greater structural equality.
Journal Article
The ecological discourse analysis of news discourse based on deep learning from the perspective of ecological philosophy
Recently, ecological damage and environmental pollution have become increasingly serious. Experts in various fields have started to study related issues from diverse points of view. To prevent the accelerated deterioration of the ecological environment, ecolinguistics emerged. Eco-critical discourse analysis is one of the important parts of ecolinguistics research, that is, it is a critical discourse analysis of the use of language from the perspective of the language’s ecological environment. Firstly, an ecological tone and modality system are constructed from an ecological perspective. Under the guidance of the ecological philosophy of \"equality, harmony, and symbiosis\", this study conducts an ecological discourse analysis on the Sino-US trade friction reports, aiming to present the similarities and differences between the two newspapers’ trade friction discourses and to reveal the ecological significance of international ecological factors in the discourse. Secondly, this method establishes a vector expression of abstract words based on emotion dictionary resources and introduces emotion polarity and part-of-speech features of words. Then the word vector is formed into the text feature matrix, which is used as the input of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, and the Back Propagation algorithm is adopted to train the model. Finally, in the light of the trained CNN model, the unlabeled news is predicted, and the experimental results are analyzed. The results reveal that during the training process of Chinese and English datasets, the accuracy of the training set can reach nearly 100%, and the loss rate can be reduced to 0. On the test set, the classification accuracy of Chinese text can reach 83%, while that of English text can reach 90%, and the experimental results are ideal. This study provides an explanatory approach for ecological discourse analysis on the news reports of Sino-US trade frictions and has certain guiding significance for the comparative research on political news reports under different ideologies between China and the United States.
Journal Article
Diversity begets diversity: A global perspective on gender equality in scientific society leadership
Research shows that gender inequality is still a major issue in academic science, yet academic societies may serve as underappreciated and effective avenues for promoting female leadership. That is, society membership is often self-selective, and board positions are elected (with a high turnover compared to institutions)-these characteristics, among others, may thus create an environment conducive to gender equality. We therefore investigate this potential using an information-theoretic approach to quantify gender equality (male:female ratios) in zoology society boards around the world. We compare alternative models to analyze how society characteristics might predict or correlate with the proportion of female leaders, and find that a cultural model, including society age, size of board and whether or not a society had an outward commitment or statement of equality, was the most informative predictor for the gender ratio of society boards and leadership positions. This model was more informative than alternatives that considered, for instance, geographic location, discipline of study or taxonomic focus. While women were more highly represented in society leadership than in institutional academic leadership, this representation was still far short of equal (~30%): we thus also provide a checklist and recommendations for societies to contribute to global gender equality in science.
Journal Article
Hope speech detection in YouTube comments
Recent work on language technology has tried to recognize abusive language such as those containing hate speech and cyberbullying and enhance offensive language identification to moderate social media platforms. Most of these systems depend on machine learning models using a tagged dataset. Such models have been successful in detecting and eradicating negativity. However, an additional study has lately been conducted on the enhancement of free expression through social media. Instead of eliminating ostensibly unpleasant words, we created a multilingual dataset to recognize and encourage positivity in the comments, and we propose a novel custom deep network architecture, which uses a concatenation of embedding from T5-Sentence. We have experimented with multiple machine learning models, including SVM, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbour, decision tree, logistic neighbours, and we propose new CNN based model. Our proposed model outperformed all others with a macro F1-score of 0.75 for English, 0.62 for Tamil, and 0.67 for Malayalam.
Journal Article
The Collaborative Image of The City: Mapping the Inequality of Urban Perception
A traveler visiting Rio, Manila or Caracas does not need a report to learn that these cities are unequal; she can see it directly from the taxicab window. This is because in most cities inequality is conspicuous, but also, because cities express different forms of inequality that are evident to casual observers. Cities are highly heterogeneous and often unequal with respect to the income of their residents, but also with respect to the cleanliness of their neighborhoods, the beauty of their architecture, and the liveliness of their streets, among many other evaluative dimensions. Until now, however, our ability to understand the effect of a city's built environment on social and economic outcomes has been limited by the lack of quantitative data on urban perception. Here, we build on the intuition that inequality is partly conspicuous to create quantitative measure of a city's contrasts. Using thousands of geo-tagged images, we measure the perception of safety, class and uniqueness; in the cities of Boston and New York in the United States, and Linz and Salzburg in Austria, finding that the range of perceptions elicited by the images of New York and Boston is larger than the range of perceptions elicited by images from Linz and Salzburg. We interpret this as evidence that the cityscapes of Boston and New York are more contrasting, or unequal, than those of Linz and Salzburg. Finally, we validate our measures by exploring the connection between them and homicides, finding a significant correlation between the perceptions of safety and class and the number of homicides in a NYC zip code, after controlling for the effects of income, population, area and age. Our results show that online images can be used to create reproducible quantitative measures of urban perception and characterize the inequality of different cities.
Journal Article