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The great gap : inequality and the politics of redistribution in Latin America
The relationship between socioeconomic inequality and democratic politics has been one of the central questions in the social sciences from Aristotle on. Recent waves of democratization, combined with deepened global inequalities, have made understanding this relationship ever more crucial. In The Great Gap, Merike Blofield seeks to contribute to this understanding by analyzing inequality and politics in the region with the highest socioeconomic inequalities in the world: Latin America. The chapters, written by prominent scholars in their fields, address the socioeconomic context and inequality of opportunities; elite culture, public opinion, and media framing; capital mobility, campaign financing, representation, and gender equality policies; and taxation and social policies.
Aside from the editor, the contributors are Pablo Alegre, Maurício Bugarin, Daniela Campello, Anna Crespo, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Fernando Filgueira, Liesl Haas, Sallie Hughes, Juan Pablo Luna, James E. Mahon Jr., Juliana Martínez Franzoni, Adriana Cuoco Portugal, Paola Prado, Elisa P. Reis, Luis Reygadas, Sergio Naruhiko Sakurai, and Koen Voorend.
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The new politics of inequality in Latin America : rethinking participation and representation
Almost all agree that political systems in Latin America underwent a transformation in the 1980s. The usual quick description of this change was ‘democratization’. But whether one takes an optimistic or a pessimistic view of the level of democracy that was achieved, one thing was sure—the traditional forms of participation by, and representation of, the poor, the working population, and others structurally disadvantaged had changed. The chapters examine the labour organizations, political parties, indigenous and environmental groups that have emerged, sometimes amidst new forms of violence. Others recount efforts to rebuild social–democratic projects and to create new models of participatory politics in municipalities and around social programmes. There is no consensus on whether these new forms will produce more democracy. Rather, the chapters present a variety of conceptual tools to identify trends and assess their impact.
eBook
Paradox and Perception: Measuring Quality of Life in Latin America
The \"quality of life\" concept of quality of life is a broad one. It incorporates basic needs but also extends beyond them to include capabilities, the \"livability\" of the environment, and life appreciation and happiness. Latin America's diversity in culture and levels of development provide a laboratory for studying how quality of life varies with a number of objective and subjective measures. These measures range from income levels to job insecurity and satisfaction, to schooling attainment and satisfaction, to measured and self-assessed health, among others.
eBook
Declining Inequality in Latin America: A Decade of Progress?
Latin America is often singled out for its high and persistent income inequality. Toward the end of the 1990s, however, income concentration began to fall across the region. Of the seventeen countries for which comparable data are available, twelve have experienced a decline, particularly since 2000. This book is among the first efforts to understand what happened in these countries and why.
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Has Latin America Always Been Unequal? A Comparative Study of Asset and Income Inequality in the Long Twentieth Century
Employing comparative and quantitative historical methods Frankema explores long run trends of asset and income distribution in Latin America, arguing that there is little reason to regard the yawning gap between rich and poor as the persistent result of a colonial heritage.
eBook
Inequality in Latin America : breaking with history?
With the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Breaking with History? explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers development, and suggests ways to achieve greater equity in the distribution of wealth, incomes and opportunities. The study draws on data from 20 countries based on household surveys covering 3.6 million people, and reviews extensive economic, sociological and political science studies on inequality in Latin America. To address the deep historical roots of inequality in Latin America, and the powerful contemporary economic, political and social mechanisms that sustain it, Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean outlines four broad areas for action by governments and civil society groups to break this destructive pattern:Build more open political and social institutions, that allow the poor and historically subordinate groups to gain a greater share of agency, voice and power in society. Ensure that economic institutions and policies seek greater equity, through sound macroeconomic management and equitable, efficient crisis resolution institutions, that avoid the large regressive redistributions that occur during crises, and that allow for saving in good times to enhance access by the poor to social safety nets in bad times. Increase access by the poor to high-quality public services, especially education, health, water and electricity, as well as access to farmland and the rural services. Protect and enforce the property rights of the urban poor. Reform income transfer programs so that they reach the poorest families.
eBook
Measuring inequality of opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean
Equality of opportunity is about leveling the playing field so that circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, place of birth, or family background do not influence a person's life chances. Success in life should depend on people's choices, effort and talents, not to their circumstances at birth. 'Measuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean' introduces new methods for measuring inequality of opportunities and makes an assessment of its evolution in Latin America over a decade. An innovative Human Opportunity Index and other parametric and non-parametric techniques are presented for quantifying inequality based on circumstances exogenous to individual efforts. These methods are applied to gauge inequality of opportunities in access to basic services for children, learning achievement for youth, and income and consumption for adults.
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Unequal Democracy?
\"An Unequal Democracy?: Seeing Latin America through European Eyes\" is the result of a conference organized by the International Institute for Governance of Catalonia in November 2003, with support from the government of Catalonia and the Special Office in Europe of the IDB. At the conference, a group of international experts discussed three important current issues: democracy, governance and well-being. The book is a compilation of selected papers presented at the conference that address concerns about meeting the challenges of governability and of social cohesion and inclusion in 21st century societies, particularly in Latin America. This book aims to contribute to the reflection and debate on the issues of democracy, governance and social cohesion in Latin America.
Whether global or local, democracy is primarily the endless search for social justice at all levels. It must be oriented toward achieving development, and determined to exercise its power to reduce inequality. It is no coincidence that the topics of democratic governance and social cohesion are woven together as a whole in the framework of the 2004 Latin America-European Union Summit in Guadalajara. In Latin America, political transformations must not give up on eliminating inequality, that great obstacle to strengthening democracy. Although its various authors bring up numerous challenges, this book is first and foremost a theoretical and practical endeavor to uncover the biggest issues of the future regarding the reform of Latin America's public institutions. Romano Prodi Former President, European Commission We believe that the struggles against social inequity and for reducing inequality require a democratic, effective, and efficient government; this entity should respond to the needs and aspirations of the poor, be accountable to them, and provide them with a voice and influence in the institutions that determine their living conditions and greater welfare. The reflections of a distinguished group of experts, contained in the various chapters of this book, reveal an indisputable link between the quality of the process of government, democratic governance, and the economic and social results expected by millions of Latin Americans who are still excluded from public policy processes in the region. Enrique V. Iglesias Former President, Inter-American Development Bank
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