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"Equality Russia (Federation)"
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The politics of inequality in Russia
\"This book investigates the relationship between the character of political regimes in Russia's subnational regions and the structure of earnings and income. Based on extensive data from Russian official sources and surveys conducted by the World Bank, the book shows that income inequality is higher in more pluralistic regions. It argues that the relationship between firms and government differs between more democratic and more authoritarian regional regimes. In more democratic regions, business firms and government have more cooperative relations, restraining the power of government over business and encouraging business to invest more, pay more, and report more of their wages. Average wages are higher in more democratic regions and poverty is lower, but wage and income inequality are also higher. The book argues that the rising inequality in postcommunist Russia reflects the inability of a weak state to carry out a redistributive social policy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Politics of Inequality in Russia
This book investigates the relationship between the character of political regimes in Russia's subnational regions and the structure of earnings and income. Based on extensive data from Russian official sources and surveys conducted by the World Bank, the book shows that income inequality is higher in more pluralistic regions. It argues that the relationship between firms and government differs between more democratic and more authoritarian regional regimes. In more democratic regions, business firms and government have more cooperative relations, restraining the power of government over business and encouraging business to invest more, pay more and report more of their wages. Average wages are higher in more democratic regions and poverty is lower, but wage and income inequality are also higher. The book argues that the rising inequality in postcommunist Russia reflects the inability of a weak state to carry out a redistributive social policy.
eBook
Rural Inequality in Divided Russia
This book examines economic and political polarisation in post-Soviet Russia, and in particular analyses the development of rural inequality. It discusses how rural inequality has developed in post-Soviet Russia, and how it differs from the Soviet period, and goes on to look at the factors that affect rural stratification and inequality, using human and social capital, profession, gender, and village location as independent variables. The book uses survey data from rural households and fieldwork in Russia in order to highlight the multiplicity of divisions that act as fault lines in contemporary rural Russia.
eBook
Gender equality on a grand tour : politics and institutions -- the Nordic Council, Sweden, Lithuania and Russia
Gender Equality on a Grand Tour. Politics and Institutions - the Nordic Council, Sweden, Lithuania and Russia explores the establishment, development and transformation of gender equality institutions in Sweden, Lithuania and Russia. It pays special attention to the role of the Nordic Council in gender equality institutionalization.
eBook
The politics of inequality in Russia
\"This book investigates the relationship between the character of political regimes in Russia's subnational regions and the structure of earnings and income. Based on extensive data from Russian official sources and surveys conducted by the World Bank, the book shows that income inequality is higher in more pluralistic regions. It argues that the relationship between firms and government differs between more democratic and more authoritarian regional regimes. In more democratic regions, business firms and government have more cooperative relations, restraining the power of government over business and encouraging business to invest more, pay more, and report more of their wages. Average wages are higher in more democratic regions and poverty is lower, but wage and income inequality are also higher. The book argues that the rising inequality in postcommunist Russia reflects the inability of a weak state to carry out a redistributive social policy\"--
Book
Popular Support for an Undemocratic Regime
To survive, all forms of government require popular support, whether voluntary or involuntary. Following the collapse of the Soviet system, Russia's rulers took steps toward democracy, yet under Vladimir Putin Russia has become increasingly undemocratic. This book uses a unique source of evidence, eighteen surveys of Russian public opinion from the first month of the new regime in 1992 up to 2009, to track the changing views of Russians. Clearly presented and sophisticated figures and tables show how political support has increased because of a sense of resignation that is even stronger than the unstable benefits of exporting oil and gas. Whilst comparative analyses of surveys on other continents show that Russia's elite is not alone in being able to mobilize popular support for an undemocratic regime, Russia provides an outstanding caution that popular support can grow when governors reject democracy and create an undemocratic regime.
eBook
Russia's Chechen War
Widespread media interest into the Chechen conflict reflects an ongoing concern about the evolution of federal Russia. Why did the Russian leadership initiate military action against Chechnya in December 1994 but against no other constituent part of the Federation? This study demonstrates that the Russian invasion represented the culmination of a crisis that was perceived to have become an increasing threat not only to the stability of the North Caucasus region, but also to the very foundations of Russian security. It looks closely at the Russian Federation in transition, following the collapse of the communist Soviet Union, and the implications of the 1991 Chechen Declaration of Independence in the context of Russia's democratisation project.
Introduction 1. The Russian Federation Transition 2. Background to the Chechen Declaration of Independence in 1991 3. The Post-Coup Period and the Collapse of the USSR (August-November 1991) 4. The Consolidation of an 'Independent', Post-Soviet Chechnya (1991-93) 5. Challenges to Internal Sovereignty - The Roots of Power and Opposition to the Dudayev Regime (1991-1993) 6. War by Proxy? (February to September 1994) 7. The Decision to Invade (October to December 1994) 8. Making Peace or War? 9. Conclusions: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back Glossary Bibliography Index
Tracy German is a graduate in Russian from the University of Edinburgh and was awarded a PhD by the University of Aberdeen on Russia's conflict with Chechnya. She has lived in Russia and Ukraine and also speaks French and German. She is currently a Research Manager at the World Markets Research Centre, specialising in the former Soviet Union and its energy sector.
'This book should not be left to historians or regional experts. Its main value arguably lies in its readable but reliable chronicling, and its restrained but authoritative analysis of processes a decade ago which have a profound impact today, and not just in Russia and Chechnya.' - SEER
eBook
Political Consequences of Crony Capitalism inside Russia
This book examines the coexistence of crony capitalism and
traditionally democratic institutions such as political competition
and elections in Russia after the collapse of communism. The
combination, Gulnaz Sharafutdinova argues, has produced a distinct
pattern of political evolution in contemporary Russia. Elections
are meant to ensure government accountability and allow voters to
elect a government responsive to their needs, but in postcommunist
Russia the institutional forms of democracy did not result in the
expected outcomes. Instead, democratic institutions in the context
of crony capitalism-in which informal elite groups dominate policy
making, and preferential treatment from the state, not market
forces, is crucial to amassing and holding wealth-were widely
devalued and discredited.
As Sharafutdinova demonstrates, especially through her close
scrutiny of elections in two regions of Russia, Nizhnii Novgorod
and the Republic of Tatarstan, crony capitalism made elections
especially intense struggles among the elites. Massive amounts of
money flowed into campaigns to promote candidates by discrediting
their rivals, money purchased candidates and power, and elites
thereby solidified their control. As a result, the majority of
citizens perceived elections as the means for the elite to access
power and wealth rather than as expressions of public will. Through
her detailed case studies and her analyses of contemporary Russia
in general, Sharafutdinova argues persuasively that the turn toward
authoritarianism associated with Vladimir Putin and supported by a
majority of Russian citizens was a negative political response to
the interaction of electoral processes and crony capitalism.
eBook
Democracy Derailed in Russia
Why has democracy failed to take root in Russia? After shedding the shackles of Soviet rule, some countries in the postcommunist region undertook lasting democratization. Yet Russia did not. Russia experienced dramatic political breakthroughs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but it subsequently failed to maintain progress toward democracy. In this 2005 book, M. Steven Fish offers an explanation for the direction of regime change in post-Soviet Russia. Relying on cross-national comparative analysis as well as on in-depth field research in Russia, Fish shows that Russia's failure to democratize has three causes: too much economic reliance on oil, too little economic liberalization, and too weak a national legislature. Fish's explanation challenges others that have attributed Russia's political travails to history, political culture, or to 'shock therapy' in economic policy. The book offers a theoretically original and empirically rigorous explanation for one of the most pressing political problems of our time.
eBook