Explore the vast range of titles available.

The near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb) (1,500–1,700 nm) window is ideal for deep-tissue optical imaging in mammals, but lacks bright and biocompatible probes. Here, we developed biocompatible cubic-phase (α-phase) erbium-based rare-earth nanoparticles (ErNPs) exhibiting bright downconversion luminescence at ~1,600 nm for dynamic imaging of cancer immunotherapy in mice. We used ErNPs functionalized with cross-linked hydrophilic polymer layers attached to anti-PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand-1) antibody for molecular imaging of PD-L1 in a mouse model of colon cancer and achieved tumor-to-normal tissue signal ratios of ~40. The long luminescence lifetime of ErNPs (~4.6 ms) enabled simultaneous imaging of ErNPs and lead sulfide quantum dots emitting in the same ~1,600 nm window. In vivo NIR-IIb molecular imaging of PD-L1 and CD8 revealed cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment in response to immunotherapy, and altered CD8 signals in tumor and spleen due to immune activation. The cross-linked functionalization layer facilitated 90% ErNP excretion within 2 weeks without detectable toxicity in mice.

To compare the safety and efficacy of fractional neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) 1064-nm picosecond laser and fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser in acne scar treatment and to assess the adverse effects and complications of the two devices. Thirty patients with cosmetically similar acne scars on both sides of the faces were enrolled and treated four times at 4-week intervals. Each side of the face was treated with either fractional 1064-nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser or fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser. Efficacy was evaluated using digital photography taken at baseline and 5 months by a blinded dermatologist using the ECCA grading scale (échelle d’évaluation clinique des cicatrices d’acné). Patient overall satisfaction and self-rated improvement scores were recorded at baseline and 5 months. Adverse effects were recorded at every visit. Twenty-seven patients completed the study. Both devices demonstrated significant median ECCA score improvement from baseline ( P  < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two in terms of median ECCA score improvement, patients’ perception of scar improvement, and overall satisfaction. Considering the adverse effects, more pinpoint bleeding was significantly observed with the picosecond laser ( P  = 0.002), whereas more pain was noted with the erbium laser ( P  < 0.001). Both fractional 1064-nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser and fractional 1550-nm erbium fiber laser are safe and effective in the treatment of acne scars. Costs should be taken into consideration when deciding on which device to use to maximize treatment outcomes.

Borate glass samples containing chromium and erbium were prepared. According to the density and molar volume, the Cr 2 O 3 -free glass sample had an expanded glass structure. Cr has three distinct absorption bands, and according to the measured optical absorption characteristics, a band was observed at 688 nm due to the 4 A 2g (F) →  2 E g (G) transition, indicating the presence of Cr 6+ . Cr 3+ was observed in the bands at 446 and 620 nm, which were attributed to 4 A 2g (F) →  4 T 2g (F) and 4 A 2g (F) →  4 T 1g (F). Using the absorption spectra of the glass samples, the Judd–Ofelt theory was used to calculate the three parameters for glass: Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6. The slow transformation of chromium ions in these glasses from Cr 6+ to Cr 3+ disturbs the local symmetry and adds coordinated bond defects, which affect the surroundings of Er 3+ ions.

This experiment aimed to characterize Gain-Managed Nonlinear amplification (GMN) in Erbium-doped fibers. This effect has so far been presented in Ytterbium-doped fibers and only simulated on Erbium-doped fibers.

Erbium-trioxide (Er 2 O 3 ) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocomposite were effectively synthesized in the form of crystalline powder using a microwave irradiation approach. Various techniques were employed for identifying crystalline structure, FTIR fingerprint region, fluorescence emission behaviors, and surface morphology, dielectric, and magnetic properties using PXRD, FTIR spectroscopy technique, fluorescence spectroscopic technique, SEM analysis, frequency vs. dielectric constant, and MH curve analysis, respectively. Confirmation of the metal-oxygen bond such as Er 2 O 3 , and MgO was established through the analysis of stretching frequencies in the FTIR spectrum. The PXRD results using Rietveld refinement confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles, consisting of Er 2 O 3 , and MgO with unit cell compositions ~ 94.12 and ~ 5.88%, respectively. SEM imaging provided insights into the morphology of the particles, revealing a spherical shape with noticeable agglomeration. The elemental compositions such as Erbium (Er) and Oxygen (O), were validated by the EDS spectrum, confirming the successful achievement of Er 2 O 3 , and MgO nanoparticle in the synthesized composite. In addition, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) graph illustrated the paramagnetic behavior of the doped Er 2 O 3 /MgO composite at room temperature. The thorough examination of the synthesized Er-MgO NPs, covering structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of their properties.

The commercialization of lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) wafer has resulted in significant on-chip photonic integration application owing to its remarkable photonic, acousto-optic, electro-optic, and piezoelectric nature. In recent years, a variety of high-performance on-chip LNOI-based photonic devices have been realized. In this study, we developed a 1-mol% erbium-doped lithium niobate crystal and its LNOI on a silicon substrate and fabricated an erbium-doped LNOI microdisk with high quality factor (∼ 1.05×10 5 ). C-band laser emission at ∼1530 and ∼1560 nm (linewidth 0.12 nm) from the high- Q erbium-doped LNOI microdisk was demonstrated with 974- and 1460-nm pumping, with the latter having better thermal stability. This microlaser would play an important role in the photonic integrated circuits of the lithium niobate platform.

Thermo-e.m.f. of hot current carriers is experimentally investigated in non-doped n-InSe crystals with a dark specific resistance of 2·103≤ρD0≤9·106Ω·cm at 77 K and doped with erbium with 10−5≤NEr≤10−1at.%. It was found that its absolute value (|UT|), in addition to E^ and T0, also depends on ρD0 and N. In the non-doped samples with ρD0≤1·104Ω·cm and doped with NEr>10−2 at.%, the dependence |UT|(E^) consists of successive sections: |UT|∼E^2, |UT|∼E^ and |UT|∼E^0.5. In non-doped with ρD0≥ 5·104 Ω·cm and alloyed with 10−5≤NEr≤ 10−2 at.% samples at T0 < 250 K and low-heating E^ dependence |UT|(E^) obeys the law |UT|∼E^κ with 2<κ≤5. The value of k monotonously depends on NEr and reaches its maximum value at NEr=5·10−4 at.%. At T0 >250 K, in all the samples studied, as well as in non-doped low-resistance and doped with NEr>10−2 at.% samples for all T0, the dependence |UT|(E^) follows the theory of thermo-e.m.f. of hot current carriers in spatially homogeneous crystalline semiconductors. To explain the results in non-doped high-resistance and doped with 10−5≤NEt≤10−2 at.% samples at T0<250 K, the influence of random macroscopic defects must also be taken into account. A qualitative explanation of the results is proposed.

Non-ablative and ablative fractional erbium lasers are among the most frequently used resources in dermatology for facial rejuvenation and for treating dermatological disorders. This type of erbium laser can be found at wavelengths of 1540 or 1550 nm, which are classified as non-ablative erbium glass, and at 2940 nm, classified as ablative erbium YAG. Despite the reports of their clinical benefits, few scientific studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of these lasers in the short or long term. In order to substantiate the effects, benefits, and safety of applying the erbium glass and erbium YAG lasers, a systematic review was carried out from August to December 2019 about studies published in the last 20 years. Randomized clinical trials in humans were considered that evaluated the efficacy, safety, and benefits of applying the fractional lasers erbium glass and erbium YAG to facial rejuvenation, skin spots, and atrophic acne scars. A total of 338 articles were identified; 76 articles remained after their titles and abstracts were read, and 42 articles were selected after removing the duplicates. After the articles were read in full, 17 of these articles were included in the systematic review (453 patients). The erbium glass and erbium YAG lasers seem promising in the short term, with minimal adverse effects; however, the long-term efficacy and safety still present limitations. Consequently, future research is needed, with better methodological standardization and a follow-up with a longer evaluation period for possible permanent adverse effects to determine the standardization and safety of therapy with erbium glass and erbium YAG lasers.

  Extensive uses of calcium titanate nanoparticles (CaTiO 3 -NPs) and erbium oxide nanoparticles (Er 2 O 3 -NPs) increase their release into the environment and human exposure, particularly through skin contact. However, there are almost no studies available on the effect of these nanoparticles on skin integrity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate CaTiO 3 -NP- or Er 2 O 3 -NP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Cell viability was measured using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while the level of DNA damage was detected using the alkaline comet assay. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression level of p53, Bax, and Bcl2 genes were detected. Although the viability of HSF cells was non-markedly changed after 24 h, prolonged treatment with CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs for 72 h induced concentration-dependent death of HSF cells. Treatment of normal HSF cells with IC50/72 h of CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs did not cause marked changes in the intracellular level of ROS, DNA damage parameters, and expression levels of apoptosis genes compared to their values in the untreated HSF cells. We thus concluded that CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs cause time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity toward normal HSF cells. However, safe and non-genotoxic effects were demonstrated by the apparent non-significant changes in intracellular ROS level, DNA integrity, and apoptotic genes’ expression after exposure of normal HSF cells to nanoparticles. Thus, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to further understand the toxic and biological effects of CaTiO 3 -NPs and Er2O3-NPs.

The glassy systems acquired much concern for using in diverse implementations. For this cause, different concentrations of samarium oxide co-doped lithium magnesium borate erbium oxide were prepared by the melt-quench technique. Several physical and optical properties of all prepared glass samples were computed. XRD patterns for all prepared samples show the presence of a broad peak and the lack of sharp peaks emphasize the amorphous nature of all prepared glass samples. FTIR confirms the presence of the functional group BO 3 and BO 4 . Ten considerable absorption bands are evident in the UV–Vis–NIR spectra of the S0 glass sample which are attributed to the presence of Er 3+ ions. S1–S4 samples revealed additional six peaks that are attributed to Sm 3+ ions. In addition, photon and neutron shielding features were evaluated for all prepared samples which enhanced by the increment of Sm 3+ contents. In conclusion, the studied glass composition can be useful in several applications such as solid-state laser, telecommunication, and radiation shielding.