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"Erdèolindustrie"
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From Windfall to Curse?
Since the discovery of abundant oil resources in the 1920s,
Venezuela has had an economically privileged position among the
nations of Latin America, which has led to its being treated by
economic and political analysts as an exceptional case. In her
well-known study of Venezuela's political economy, The Paradox
of Plenty (1997), Stanford political scientist Terry Karl
argued that this oil wealth induced extraordinary corruption,
rent-seeking, and centralized intervention that resulted in
restricting productivity and growth. What this and other studies of
Venezuela's economy fail to explain, however, is how such
conditions have accompanied both growth and stagnation at different
periods of Venezuela's history and why countries experiencing
similar levels of corruption and rent-seeking produce divergent
developmental outcomes.
By investigating the record of economic development in Venezuela
from 1920 to the present, Jonathan Di John shows that the key to
explaining why the economy performed much better between 1920 and
1980 than in the post-1980 period is to understand how political
strategies interacted with economic strategies-specifically, how
politics determined state capacity at any given time and how the
stage of development and development strategies affected the nature
of political conflicts. In emphasizing the importance of an
approach that looks at the political economy, not just at the
economy alone, Di John advances the field methodologically while he
contributes to a long-needed history of Venezuela's economic
performance in the twentieth century.
eBook
Oil in China
This book examines the political and conceptual metamorphosis of China's oil industry from self-reliance to internationalization. Through the empirical case study of Daqing, the premiere oilfield of the People's Republic of China (PRC) for most of the postwar period and a symbol of industrialization as well as self-reliance, key historical developmental concepts and events are analyzed. Japan's role in stimulating the development of the China's oil industry will also be highlighted as the Japanese government and its business sectors emerged as a supplier of technology and equipment to the Chinese oil industry as well as China's first major oil customer in the early internationalization phase of the PRC's oil industry.
eBook
Oil Politics
Many international conflicts in the world today revolve around the control of oil - despite the protestations of politicians to the contrary. The unfettered availability of oil at an affordable price is basic to the stability, security and prosperity of all states - not just those in the West. Thus fundamental to any understanding of the politics of the contemporary world is an understanding of the politics and most recent history of petroleum. Francisco Parra sets out the political and economic events which, since the 1950s, have shaped the international petroleum industry and world affairs: the relationships central to continuing conflicts since 1950 between Middle Eastern governments, the big seven major oil companies and the governments of their home countries - the US and Britain; the struggle over oil prices; domination by the international companies; levels of competition and above all the control over oil resources. Parra concludes that more and far greater conflicts loom in the future, all driven by the dependence of the industrial world on the Middle East for oil, OPEC’s volatile control over price, uncertainties in Russia and Central Asia and the growing hostility between “Islam and the West”.
eBook