Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
630
result(s) for
"Erde."
Sort by:
Die grossen Flüsse der Welt
Nach \"Flüsse dieser Erde\" noch ein grossformatiges Sachbuch zum gleichen Thema für etwa das gleiche Alter, in der begehrten Wimmeltechnik gezeichnet. Doch der Unterschied ist gravierend. Der vorliegende Titel ist kräftig farbig illustriert, ähnlich \"Atlas der Städte\". Er enthält wesentlich mehr Infos, ist anschaulicher. Sortiert nach Kontinenten geht die Reise gen Osten. Beginnend mit dem Rhein und endend mit dem Murray in Australien. Eingebettet in landestypische Besonderheiten: dranliegende Städte, auffällige Gebäude, menschliche und tierische Bewohner ... können kleine und gröe͠re Entdecker den Verlauf der Flüsse von der Quelle bis zur Mündung verfolgen. In extra Kästen hat der Autor, ein Reisejournalist, Wissenswertes über den jeweiligen Fluss und das oder die Länder, die er durchfliesst, zusammengestellt. Mit grosser Weltübersichtskarte und Ausklappseite: der Nil zur Zeit der Pharaonen und heute. Das teure, sehr empfehlenswerte Buch ist neben der Individualausleihe auch für schulische Zwecke, z.B. zur Sprachförderung in bilingualen Klassen gut geeignet. Für alle. Ab 8.
Scalable and hierarchically designed polymer film as a selective thermal emitter for high-performance all-day radiative cooling
Traditional cooling systems consume tremendous amounts of energy and thus aggravate the greenhouse effect
1
,
2
. Passive radiative cooling, dissipating an object’s heat through an atmospheric transparency window (8–13 μm) to outer space without any energy consumption, has attracted much attention
3
–
9
. The unique feature of radiative cooling lies in the high emissivity in the atmospheric transparency window through which heat can be dissipated to the universe. Therefore, for achieving high cooling performance, the design and fabrication of selective emitters, with emission strongly dominant in the transparency window, is of essential importance, as such spectral selection suppresses parasitic absorption from the surrounding thermal radiation. Recently, various materials and structures with tailored spectrum responses have been investigated to achieve the effect of daytime radiative cooling
6
–
8
,
10
–
15
. However, most of the radiative cooling materials reported possess broad-band absorption/emission covering the whole mid-infrared wavelength
11
–
15
. Here we demonstrate that a hierarchically designed polymer nanofibre-based film, produced by a scalable electrostatic spinning process, enables selective mid-infrared emission, effective sunlight reflection and therefore excellent all-day radiative cooling performance. Specifically, the C–O–C (1,260–1,110 cm
−1
) and C–OH (1,239–1,030 cm
−1
) bonding endows the selective emissivity of 78% in 8–13 μm wavelength range, and the design of nanofibres with a controlled diameter allows for a high reflectivity of 96.3% in 0.3–2.5 μm wavelength range. As a result, we observe ~3 °C cooling improvement of this selective thermal emitter as compared to that of a non-selective emitter at night, and 5 °C sub-ambient cooling under sunlight. The impact of this hierarchically designed selective thermal emitter on alleviating global warming and temperature regulating an Earth-like planet is also analysed, with a significant advantage demonstrated. With its excellent cooling performance and a scalable process, this hierarchically designed selective thermal emitter opens a new pathway towards large-scale applications of all-day radiative cooling materials.
A hierarchically designed polymer nanofibre-based film produced by a scalable electrospinning process enables selective mid-infrared emission and effective sunlight reflection, and thus realizes an excellent all-day radiative cooling performance.
Journal Article
The atlas of global inequalities
\"Drawing on research from around the world, this atlas gives shape and meaning to statistics, making it an indispensable resource for understanding global inequalities and an inspiration for social and political action. Inequality underlies many of the challenges facing the world today, and The Atlas of Global Inequalities considers the issue in all its dimensions. Organized in thematic parts, it maps not only the global distribution of income and wealth, but also inequalities in social and political rights and freedoms. It describes how inadequate health services, unsafe water, and barriers to education hinder people's ability to live their lives to the full; assesses poor transport, energy, and digital communication infrastructures and their effect on economic development; and highlights the dangers of unclean and unhealthy indoor and outdoor environments. Through world, regional, and country maps, and innovative and intriguing graphics, the authors unravel the complexity of inequality, revealing differences between countries as well as illustrating inequalities within them. Topics include: the discrimination suffered by children with a disability; the impact of inefficient and dangerous household fuels on the daily lives and long-term health of those who rely on them; the unequal opportunities available to women; and the reasons for families' descent into, and reemergence from, poverty.\"--Publisher description.
Book
Searching for exoplanets using a microresonator astrocomb
A soliton microcomb as an astronomical spectrograph calibrator is presented. It can ultimately have a footprint of a few cubic centimetres, and reduced weight and power consumption, attractive for precision radial velocity measurement.
Journal Article
A trade-off between plant and soil carbon storage under elevated CO2
Terrestrial ecosystems remove about 30 per cent of the carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emitted by human activities each year
1
, yet the persistence of this carbon sink depends partly on how plant biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks respond to future increases in atmospheric CO
2
(refs.
2
,
3
). Although plant biomass often increases in elevated CO
2
(eCO
2
) experiments
4
–
6
, SOC has been observed to increase, remain unchanged or even decline
7
. The mechanisms that drive this variation across experiments remain poorly understood, creating uncertainty in climate projections
8
,
9
. Here we synthesized data from 108 eCO
2
experiments and found that the effect of eCO
2
on SOC stocks is best explained by a negative relationship with plant biomass: when plant biomass is strongly stimulated by eCO
2
, SOC storage declines; conversely, when biomass is weakly stimulated, SOC storage increases. This trade-off appears to be related to plant nutrient acquisition, in which plants increase their biomass by mining the soil for nutrients, which decreases SOC storage. We found that, overall, SOC stocks increase with eCO
2
in grasslands (8 ± 2 per cent) but not in forests (0 ± 2 per cent), even though plant biomass in grasslands increase less (9 ± 3 per cent) than in forests (23 ± 2 per cent). Ecosystem models do not reproduce this trade-off, which implies that projections of SOC may need to be revised.
A synthesis of elevated carbon dioxide experiments reveals that when plant biomass is strongly stimulated by elevated carbon dioxide levels, soil carbon storage declines, and where biomass is weakly stimulated, soil carbon accumulates.
Journal Article
El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.
Our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon is reviewed and a unifying framework that identifies the key factors for this complexity is proposed.
Journal Article
A microphotonic astrocomb
A microphotonic astrocomb is demonstrated via temporal dissipative Kerr solitons in photonic-chip-based silicon nitride microresonators with a precision of 25 cm s–1 (radial velocity equivalent), useful for Earth-like planet detection and cosmological research.
Journal Article
Soil moisture–atmosphere feedback dominates land carbon uptake variability
Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
1
. It remains uncertain to what extent temperature and water availability can explain these variations at the global scale
2
–
5
. Here we use factorial climate model simulations
6
and show that variability in soil moisture drives 90 per cent of the inter-annual variability in global land carbon uptake, mainly through its impact on photosynthesis. We find that most of this ecosystem response occurs indirectly as soil moisture–atmosphere feedback amplifies temperature and humidity anomalies and enhances the direct effects of soil water stress. The strength of this feedback mechanism explains why coupled climate models indicate that soil moisture has a dominant role
4
, which is not readily apparent from land surface model simulations and observational analyses
2
,
5
. These findings highlight the need to account for feedback between soil and atmospheric dryness when estimating the response of the carbon cycle to climatic change globally
5
,
7
, as well as when conducting field-scale investigations of the response of the ecosystem to droughts
8
,
9
. Our results show that most of the global variability in modelled land carbon uptake is driven by temperature and vapour pressure deficit effects that are controlled by soil moisture.
Factorial climate model simulations show that 90% of the inter-annual variability in global land carbon uptake is driven by soil moisture and its atmospheric feedback on temperature and air humidity.
Journal Article
Identification and quantification of macro- and microplastics on an agricultural farmland
Microplastic contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a high priority research topic, whereas the issue on terrestrial ecosystems has been widely neglected. At the same time, terrestrial ecosystems under human influence, such as agroecosystems, are likely to be contaminated by plastic debris. However, the extent of this contamination has not been determined at present. Via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, we quantified for the first time the macro- and microplastic contamination on an agricultural farmland in southeast Germany. We found 206 macroplastic pieces per hectare and 0.34 ± 0.36 microplastic particles per kilogram dry weight of soil. In general, polyethylene was the most common polymer type, followed by polystyrene and polypropylene. Films and fragments were the dominating categories found for microplastics, whereas predominantly films were found for macroplastics. Since we intentionally chose a study site where microplastic-containing fertilizers and agricultural plastic applications were never used, our findings report on plastic contamination on a site which only receives conventional agricultural treatment. However, the contamination is probably higher in areas where agricultural plastic applications, like greenhouses, mulch, or silage films, or plastic-containing fertilizers (sewage sludge, biowaste composts) are applied. Hence, further research on the extent of this contamination is needed with special regard to different cultivation practices.
Journal Article
The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO2 sink
The difference is found at the marginsThe terrestrial biosphere absorbs about a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, but the amount that they take up varies from year to year. Why? Combining models and observations, Ahlstrom et al. found that marginal ecosystems-semiarid savannas and low-latitude shrublands-are responsible for most of the variability. Biological productivity in these semiarid regions is water-limited and strongly associated with variations in precipitation, unlike wetter tropical areas. Understanding carbon uptake by these marginal lands may help to improve predictions of variations in the global carbon cycle.Science, this issue p. 895 The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations since industrialization is characterized by large interannual variability, mostly resulting from variability in CO2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems (typically termed carbon sink). However, the contributions of regional ecosystems to that variability are not well known. Using an ensemble of ecosystem and land-surface models and an empirical observation-based product of global gross primary production, we show that the mean sink, trend, and interannual variability in CO2 uptake by terrestrial ecosystems are dominated by distinct biogeographic regions. Whereas the mean sink is dominated by highly productive lands (mainly tropical forests), the trend and interannual variability of the sink are dominated by semi-arid ecosystems whose carbon balance is strongly associated with circulation-driven variations in both precipitation and temperature.
Journal Article