Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
329,423
result(s) for
"Ethanol"
Sort by:
E-216 Head and neck endovascular repair of vascular malformations
PurposeTo determine the efficacy of ethanol embolotherapy of extracranial head and neck vascular malformations of all types, particularly after failure of other endovascular and surgical treatments.Materials and Methods164 patients (64 males, 102 females; mean age: 38 yrs) presented with extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the head and neck area. Over half of the patients had undergone previous failed therapies (Glue, Onyx, PVA, Coils). All patients underwent ethanol embolotherapy under general anesthesia. Forty-five patients had AVMs and 121 patients had venous malformations (VM).ResultsOf 45 AVM patients, 26 patients are cured (mean follow-up 2 ½ years); of 121 venous malformation patients, 65 are at end-therapy (mean follow-up 4 ½ years). The remaining patients are not at end-therapy and are being treated for their residual malformations. In AVM follow-up, arteriography is the main imaging modality to determine cure or residual AVM as MR is less sensitive in the evaluation of residual AVM. In VM follow-up, MR is the main imaging tool, particularly with T- 2 fat suppression and/or STIR imaging. All patients demonstrated improvement post-therapy. Complications were 4.5%, to include bleeding (self-limited), partial 7th nerve palsy (with recovery), skin injury (not requiring skin grafts), infection, and pain.ConclusionsEthanol has proven its consistent curative potential at long-term follow-up for high-flow AVMs and low-flow VM lesions at long-term follow-up as lesions in the periphery. Complication rates remain low. The procedures are tolerated well by the patients and done on an out-patient basis. Prior surgery and embolization procedures can cause difficulty in lesion access, but does not obviate further ethanol endovascular treatment.DisclosuresW. Yakes: None.
Journal Article
Biofuels in Africa
Biofuels offer new opportunities for African countries. They can contribute to economic growth, employment, and rural incomes. They can become an important export for some countries and provide low-cost fuel for others. There is also a potentially large demand for biofuels to meet the rapidly growing need for local fuel. Abundant natural resources and low-cost labor make producing biofuel feedstock's a viable alternative to traditional crops; and the preferential access available to most African countries to protected markets in industrial countries provides unique export opportunities. Biofuels also bring challenges and risks, including potential land-use conflicts, environmental risks, and heightened concerns about food security. This book examines the potential of African countries to produce biofuels for export or domestic consumption and looks at the policy framework needed. It is part of the effort by the World Bank's Africa region to examine critical issues that affect the region and to recommend policies that effectively address these issues while providing an enabling environment for the private sector. The book is intended to inform policy makers and the larger development community of the global and domestic market opportunities facing biofuel producers, as well as the challenges of producing biofuels, in the Africa region.
eBook
In Vivo Zonal Variation and Liver Cell-Type Specific NF-kappaB Localization after Chronic Adaptation to Ethanol and following Partial Hepatectomy
NF-[kappa]B is a major inflammatory response mediator in the liver, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. We investigated zonal as well as liver cell type-specific distribution of NF-[kappa]B activation across the liver acinus following adaptation to chronic ethanol intake and 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx). We employed immunofluorescence staining, digital image analysis and statistical distributional analysis to quantify subcellular localization of NF-[kappa]B in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We detected significant spatial heterogeneity of NF-[kappa]B expression and cellular localization between cytoplasm and nucleus across liver tissue. Our main aims involved investigating the zonal bias in NF-[kappa]B localization and determining to what extent chronic ethanol intake affects this zonal bias with in hepatocytes at baseline and post-PHx. Hepatocytes in the periportal area showed higher NF-[kappa]B expression than in the pericentral region in the carbohydrate-fed controls, but not in the ethanol group. However, the distribution of NF-[kappa]B nuclear localization in hepatocytes was shifted towards higher levels in pericentral region than in periportal area, across all treatment conditions. Chronic ethanol intake shifted the NF-[kappa]B distribution towards higher nuclear fraction in hepatocytes as compared to the pair-fed control group. Ethanol also stimulated higher NF-[kappa]B expression in a subpopulation of HSCs. In the control group, PHx elicited a shift towards higher NF-[kappa]B nuclear fraction in hepatocytes. However, this distribution remained unchanged in the ethanol group post-PHx. HSCs showed a lower NF-[kappa]B expression following PHx in both ethanol and control groups. We conclude that adaptation to chronic ethanol intake attenuates the liver zonal variation in NF-[kappa]B expression and limits the PHx-induced NF-[kappa]B activation in hepatocytes, but does not alter the NF-[kappa]B expression changes in HSCs in response to PHx. Our findings provide new insights as to how ethanol treatment may affect cell-type specific processes regulated by NF-[kappa]B activation in liver cells.
Journal Article
Hemodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of TPN171 with Alcohol in Healthy Male Subjects
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the concomitant administration of TPN171 and alcohol on hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics in healthy Chinese male subjects. Fifteen eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of three sequences, each comprising three treatments: Treatment A (placebo +0.5 g/kg alcohol), Treatment B (TPN171 + 0.5 g/kg alcohol), and Treatment C (TPN171 + placebo). Enrolled subjects were administered with 10 mg TPN171 and/or 0.5 g/kg alcohol in fasting state in a randomized crossover design. Blood pressure, pulse rate (PR), blood samples, and breath alcohol test were measured at designated time points for hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic analyses. Compared with 10 mg TPN171 alone, administration of 10 mg TPN171 + 0.5 g/kg alcohol significantly lowered the area under the effect–time curve from 0 to 4 h (AUEC0‐4h) of systolic blood pressure (95% confidence interval [CI]: −29.75 to −0.83, p = 0.039) and significantly increased AUEC0–4h of PR (95% CI: 7.47–28.92, p = 0.003). Compared with 0.5 g/kg alcohol alone, administration of 10 mg TPN171 + 0.5 g/kg alcohol contributed to significantly higher maximal increase of PR (95% CI: 2.78–9.44, p = 0.002) and AUEC0‐4h of PR (95% CI: 1.08–24.52, p = 0.035). Alcohol had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of TPN171, and vice versa. Though the concomitant administration of TPN171 and alcohol induced a more pronounced increase in PR, this did not result in clinical symptoms or heart rate increase‐related adverse events, indicating that the combined use was generally safe and well‐tolerated.
Journal Article
A pilot study on the cutaneous effects of ethanol in a moisturizing cream on non-lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Ethanol is widely used in cosmetic formulations as a solvent, preservative, and penetration enhancer, yet its effects on atopic skin remain controversial. This study explores the impact of ethanol in skin care products on skin physiology, microbiome composition and subjective perception. A two-part investigation was conducted: (I) ex vivo analysis using porcine skin models exposed to varying ethanol concentrations, and (II) a double blinded, placebo controlled, randomized clinical pilot study on 9 patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) comparing creams with and without 12% ethanol. The ex vivo study revealed that ethanol concentrations above 15% negatively affected epidermal barrier integrity, increasing stratum corneum (SC) permeability and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). In the clinical trial, 12% ethanol demonstrated no significant adverse effects on SC hydration, erythema, pH, or TEWL over 30 days. Microbiome analysis revealed a localized increase in Xanthomonas species associated with ethanol use, while no significant community-wide changes were observed. The implications of increased Xanthomonas abundance in response to the application of a 12% ethanol cream for atopic dermatitis remain unclear. Subjective evaluations reported similar perceptions for both formulations, with no notable exacerbations in non-lesional AD skin. These findings indicate that ethanol in concentrations ≤ 12% is safe for atopic skin.
Journal Article
Acute Effects of Alcohol on Brain Perfusion Monitored with Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Young Adults
While a number of studies have established that moderate doses of alcohol increase brain perfusion, the time course of such an increase as a function of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) has not yet been investigated, and studies differ about regional effects. Using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated (1) the time course of the perfusion increase during a 15-minute linear increase of BrAC up to 0.6 g/kg followed by a steady exposure of 100 minutes, (2) the regional distribution, (3) a potential gender effect, and (4) the temporal stability of perfusion effects. In 48 young adults who participated in the Dresden longitudinal study on alcohol effects in young adults, we observed (1) a 7% increase of global perfusion as compared with placebo and that perfusion and BrAC are tightly coupled in time, (2) that the increase reaches significance in most regions of the brain, (3) that the effect is stronger in women than in men, and (4) that an acute tolerance effect is not observable on the time scale of 2 hours. Larger studies are needed to investigate the origin and the consequences of the effect, as well as the correlates of inter-subject variations.
Journal Article
