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"Ethnozoology"
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Why the porcupine is not a bird : explorations in the folk zoology of an eastern Indonesian people
\"Why the Porcupine Is Not a Bird is a comprehensive analysis of knowledge of animals among the Nage people of central Flores in Indonesia. Gregory Forth sheds light on the ongoing anthropological debate surrounding the categorization of animals in small-scale non-Western societies.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Birds of the Sun
Scarlet macaws are native to tropical forests ranging from the Gulf Coast and southern regions of Mexico to Bolivia, but they are present at numerous archaeological sites in the U.S.Southwest and Mexican Northwest.
eBook
Ethnography after humanism : power, politics and method in multi-species research
This book argues that qualitative methods, ethnography included, have tended to focus on the human at the cost of understanding humans and animals in relation, and that ethnography should evolve to account for the relationships between humans and other species. Intellectual recognition of this has arrived within the field of human-animal studies and in the philosophical development of posthumanism but there are few practical guidelines for research. Taking this problem as a starting point, the authors draw on a wide array of examples from visual methods, ethnodrama, poetry and movement studies to consider the political, philosophical and practical consequences of posthuman methods. They outline the possibilities for creative new forms of ethnography that eschew simplistic binaries between humans and animals.
Book
Ethnoscience A Bridge To Back To Nature
Ethnoscience is a paradigm emerged in anthropology in mid-1950s, as a further result of the attempts made by some American anthropologists to redefine the concept of culture that will be in line with the new model they adopt for their study and description of culture that is descriptive phonology. For ethnoscientists culture is not a material or behavioural phenomenon. It is an ideational phenomenon. In Goode-nough’s word, “culture is not a material phenomenon; it does not consist of things, people, behavior or emotions. It is rather the organization of these things. It is the forms of things that people have in mind, their models for perceiving, relating and otherwise interpreting them as such..” (1964: 36). Culture is thus a system of knowledge. The culture of a people is their ethnoscience (ethnos = people; scientia = knowledge). Since culture is a very broad category, no anthropologist can do research on a peo-ple’s culture as a whole. He can only investigate and describe some parts of it. Thus, Harold Conklin (1954) focussed his research among the Hanunoo in the Phillippines on their knowledge about their environment, or their ethnoecology. Even then, ethnoecology is still a very broad category, for it encompasses flora, fauna and other material inanimate objects. Later ethnoscience researchers pay their attention to smaller parts of the phenomena. Several branches of study then sprouted from ethnoecology, focussing on some elements the environment, such as ethnozoology, ethnobotany, ethnoastronomy, ethnopedology, etc. From ethnozoology, new branches of study -narrower in scopeappeared, such as ethnoornithology, etnoichtyology, ethnoherpetology. These bran-ches show how the attentions of the researchers go deeper and deeper to the tiny details of the environment, of the nature, and how the people view, give meaning and relate themselves to them. These studies show that ethnoscience has helped humans to gain better understandings of and their relations to the nature. It is in this sense that ethnoscience has become a bridge to go “back to nature”.
Journal Article
Birders of Africa : history of a network
In this unique and unprecedented study of birding in Africa, historian Nancy Jacobs reconstructs the collaborations between well-known ornithologists and the largely forgotten guides, hunters, and taxidermists who assisted them. Drawing on ethnography, scientific publications, private archives, and interviews, Jacobs asks: How did white ornithologists both depend on and operate distinctively from African birders? What investment did African birders have in collaborating with ornithologists? By distilling the interactions between European science and African vernacular knowledge, this stunningly illustrated work offers a fascinating examination of the colonial and postcolonial politics of expertise about nature.
Book
Corrigendum: Invertebrates and herptiles for livelihoods—ethnozoological use among different ethnic communities in Jammu and Kashmir (Indian Himalayas)
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043155.].
Journal Article
On Land and Sea
During the vast stretches of early geologic time, the
islands of the Caribbean archipelago separated from continental
land masses, rose and sank many times, merged with and broke
from other land masses, and then by the mid-Cenozoic period
settled into the current pattern known today. By the time
Native Americans arrived, the islands had developed complex,
stable ecosystems. The actions these first colonists took on
the landscape—timber clearing, cultivation, animal
hunting and domestication, fishing and exploitation of reef
species—affected fragile land and sea biotic communities
in both beneficial and harmful ways.
On Land and Sea examines the condition of biosystems
on Caribbean islands at the time of colonization, human
interactions with those systems through time, and the current
state of biological resources in the West Indies. Drawing on a
massive data set collected from long-term archaeological
research, the study reconstructs past lifeways on these small
tropical islands. The work presents a wide range of
information, including types of fuel and construction timber
used by inhabitants, cooking techniques for various shellfish,
availability and use of medicinal and ritual plants, the
effects on native plants and animals of cultivation and
domestication, and diet and nutrition of native
populations.
The islands of the Caribbean basin continue to be actively
excavated and studied in the quest to understand the earliest
human inhabitants of the New World. This comprehensive work
will ground current and future studies and will be valuable to
archaeologists, anthropologists, botanists, ecologists,
Caribbeanists, Latin American historians, and anyone studying
similar island environments.
eBook
Maya tropical forest
The Maya Tropical Forest, which occupies the lowlands of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, is the closest rainforest to the United States and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Western Hemisphere. It has been home to the Maya peoples for nearly four millennia, starting around 1800 BC. Ancient cities in the rainforest such as Palenque, Yaxchilan, Tikal, and Caracol draw thousands of tourists and scholars seeking to learn more about the prehistoric Maya. Their contemporary descendants, the modern Maya, utilize the forest's natural resources in village life and international trade, while striving to protect their homeland from deforestation and environmental degradation. Writing for both visitors and conservationists, James Nations tells the fascinating story of how ancient and modern Maya peoples have used and guarded the rich natural resources of the Maya Tropical Forest. He opens with a natural history that profiles the forest's significant animals and plants. Nations then describes the Maya peoples, biological preserves, and major archaeological sites in Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Drawing on more than twenty-five years of conservation work in the Maya Tropical Forest, Nations tells first-hand stories of the creation of national parks and other protected areas to safeguard the region's natural resources and archaeological heritage. He concludes with an expert assessment of the forest's future in which he calls for expanded archaeological tourism to create an ecologically sustainable economic base for the region.
eBook
The role of game mammals as bushmeat In the Caatinga, northeast Brazil
Although the use of wild mammals as a source of food has been better studied in tropical forest environments, their importance as a source of protein for human communities in semiarid environments is little known. In the latter, the availability of wild animal meat is limited in comparison to other environments. In the semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil, hunting wild mammals for their meat is traditional, playing a crucial role in the livelihoods and food security of various rural and urban communities, especially during the annual drought seasons. In this study, we investigated the role of wild mammals as bushmeat in 10 communities within the Caatinga biome in northeast Brazil. We used key-informant interviews, household surveys, and questionnaires to determine the species hunted and consumed. We found that about 30 species were used for bushmeat, with communities clustering into two main groups. We showed that in almost all municipalities visited, all mammals hunted were reported after interview days. A total of 46.9% of hunters consumed bushmeat at least once a week. However, preference for bushmeat over livestock was perceived to be more a matter of taste (61.50% of respondents) than a real need for protein supplementation from the wild. The ease of entering environmental areas where wild mammals can be found has disadvantages for wildlife in terms of pressure and overexploitation, especially where it concerns endangered species. The key to understanding the socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological contexts in which there are traditional uses is to develop conservationist strategies suitable for the socioeconomic reality of human populations.
Journal Article
Ethnozoological Study of Animals and Animal Products Used as Traditional Medicine by Indigenous Community of the Dangur District in Metekel Zone, Western Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, numerous ethnic groups rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Nonetheless, indigenous ethnozoological medicinal practices are being overlooked and are progressively disappearing due to inadequate documentation, as they are transmitted from one generation to the next via oral tradition. Thus, this ethnozoological research sought to evaluate and record the therapeutic use of animals and animal‐derived products employed by traditional healers and the local population of the Dangur district in the Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional ethnozoological study was carried out employing a semistructured questionnaire among intentionally chosen five farmers’ associations in the Dangur district between October 2021 and January 2022. The ethnozoological information was examined using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The fidelity level, use‐value, preference ranking, and informant consensus factor were established. A total of 39 medicinal animal species were recorded as being utilized for the treatment of 35 different conditions. Most of the animals, 22 (56.41%), were mammals, while 5 (12.82%) were arthropods, 5 (12.82%) were birds, and 5 (12.82%) were reptiles. In addition, a majority of these species, 32 (82.05%), were wild animals, whereas the other 7 (17.95%) were domesticated animals. Meat, at 415 (33.74%), was recognized as the most frequently utilized animal product, followed by liver at 124 (10.08%) and milk at 114 (9.27%). Consequently, the ICF values ranged from 0.937 to 1. Hepatitis and Kwashiorkor exhibited the highest ICF values of 1 and 0.981, respectively, while rheumatism and tuberculosis had the lowest ICF value at 0.938. This research showed the extensive use of medicinal animals and their components/products to address the primary healthcare requirements of the community in the examined area. Consequently, this ethnozoological medicinal wisdom must be combined with contemporary medicine to harness animals and their byproducts as a possible source of effective treatments for multiple conditions.
Journal Article