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Traditional preparation in teaching for college and university faculty primarily relies on informal mentoring in which faculty often teach in a manner similar to how they were taught (Barr & Tagg,1995; Oleson & Hora, 2014; Pallas et al., 2017; Schroeder, 2022; Wieman, 2019). Recognizing there is a distinction between a content expert and an expert teacher of content (Boyer, 1990; Shulman, 1986, 1987), the problem this study sought to investigate is the disjunction between how faculty teach and how students learn best. This quantitative study explored the relationship between how faculty were taught in their undergraduate studies and how they teach their undergraduate students. The overarching research question guiding this study was, “How do inherited mindsets and pedagogies influence undergraduate teaching?” The Comparative Teaching Paradigms, a researcher-designed conceptual framework, served as the source for the survey instrument and data analysis. The findings revealed an apparent disconnect between faculty’s reported teaching beliefs and their teaching practices.

Should scientists be advocates or activists, or both? And if both, can, or even should, activism be part of the role as a scientist or is it always a \"private\" role? Kastenhofer (2024) argues for merging the two forms of engagement in survival science. I take a different position, suggesting that in order to remain trusted knowledge providers to society, scientists must be transparent about the role they are playing at any given moment. I substantiate my point by drawing on post-normal science and the history of philosophy. Concerned scientists can, and should be, active citizens but if they confuse their different roles, they may undermine the public value of scientific knowledge.

Societies involved in intractable conflicts form conflict-supporting narratives that illuminate and justify their intergroup conflicts. These narratives play an important role in satisfying the basic sociopsychological needs of the involved individuals and collectives. In order to fulfill this role the narratives tend to be biased in favor of the in-group, selective, distorting and simplistic. This article analyzes such narratives that focus on the following major themes: Justification and Threats (of conflict), Delegitimization (of the opponent), Glorification and Victimhood (of the in-group), the in-group's need for Patriotism and Unity, and its Aspiration for Peace. Additionally, the article describes the individual and collective functions of these narratives. It also describes six main methods that are used in the narratives' construction: reliance on supportive sources, marginalization of contradictory information, magnification of supportive themes, fabrication of supportive contents, omission of contradictory contents, and use of framing language. Because conflict-supporting narratives are so functional, the involved societies struggle to support their dominance within their own society as well as in the international community. This article, therefore, presents seven methods that are used by the parties in their intrasocietal struggles – control of access to information, censorship, discrediting of contradicting information, monitoring, punishment, encouragement and rewarding, and closure of archives. Similar methods are used in the international arena struggles. Finally, it describes the process of change from adherence to the conflict-supportive narratives to the construction of new peace-supporting narratives and adherence to them.

The need to reposition African Leadership tenets to attract development to the continent in the 21st century has become imperative given that everything in a society depends on leadership. It is against this backdrop, therefore, that this study explores the incorporation of the indigenous leadership model/approach “Ubuntu” and the need for the masses to resist (or even protest against oppressive policies) tyranny as X-rayed in Chukwuma Anyanwu’s Wrath of the gods (WOTG) and Dele Charley’s The Blood of a Stranger (TBOAS). This is a panacea for effective governance in the wake of the new century. Using the paradigm of play-text analysis and qualitative research method, the study explored how protest drama has been used as a major ingredient to resist and oppose authoritarian leadership and obnoxious policies in society. The study hinged on Political Economy Approach or Theory as its framework, which explained the intertwined relationship between political power and economic systems, examining how power dynamics influence resource distribution, policymaking, and social structures, and vice versa. The findings reveal that drama constitutes a veritable tool for conscientizing the masses about the issues affecting them, thereby guiding them in making the right decisions. Also, inculcating indigenous leadership model / approach into modern governance will engender effective governance in the 21st century. Arising from the findings, the study therefore recommends the inclusion of indigenous leadership model into modern governance as well as the need for writers to continually conscientize the masses on the need for them to know that power lies in the hands of the masses in a democratic society.

Purpose Online adaptive radiation therapy (oART) has generated a significant influx of daily treatment planning data. Present oART platforms have leveraged automation for decreased planning times at the expense of end‐user access, making longitudinal oART data assessment time consuming. We have developed modified software that extracts oART data from the secondary calculation software associated with one of the oART platforms. Methods A Python program was developed to query oART data from a web‐based secondary dose calculation software. Structure, plan, and dosimetric data were collected for all generated oART plans over the course of 3 years. This software stores data in a Pandas dataframe to allow for comparisons and advanced visualization. The software includes some pre‐defined visualization and analysis methods, as well as tools to de‐identify and share cohorts of oART data. Results Twelve hundred oART sessions were pulled from our secondary dose verification software. Various visualization methods were implemented and are demonstrated in this technical note. This software demonstrated significant time savings in data extraction compared to manual session exports, but does not pull raw DICOM information, such as CT scans, structure sets, or dose files. Conclusion Our extraction software presents a streamlined way to collect, analyze, and visualize oART data using a dedicated oART platform. Further tools are needed to improve access and analysis of oART data.

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) was introduced in the late 1990s to improve the accuracy and efficiency of therapy and minimize radiation-induced toxicities. ART combines multiple tools for imaging, assessing the need for adaptation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and has been utilized to monitor inter- or intra-fraction anatomical variations of the target and organs-at-risk (OARs). Ethos™ (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) based radiotherapy treatment system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to perform ART, was introduced in 2020. Since then, numerous studies have been done to examine the potential benefits of Ethos™ CBCT-guided ART compared to non-adaptive radiotherapy. This review will explore the current trends of Ethos™, including improved CBCT image quality, a feasible clinical workflow, daily automated contouring and treatment planning, and motion management. Nevertheless, evidence of clinical improvements with the use of Ethos™ are limited and is currently under investigation via clinical trials.