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"Europe -- Economic conditions -- 20th century"
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European Integration and the Atlantic Community in the 1980s
This unique collection of essays lays the groundwork for the study of the intersection of European integration and transatlantic relations in the 1980s. With archives for this period only recently being opened, scholars are beginning to analyse and understand what some have called a peak moment in the European project and others have called the Second Cold War. How do these moments intersect and relate to one another? These essays, by prominent scholars from Europe and the United States, examine these and related questions while challenging the '1980s' itself as a useful demarcation for historical analysis.
eBook
Turmoil at twenty : recession, recovery, and reform in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
This book, written on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, addresses three questions that relate to recession, recovery, and reform, respectively, in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) transition countries. Did the transition from a command to a market economy and the period when it took place, plant the seeds of vulnerability that made transition countries (the region excluding Turkey) more prone to crisis than developing countries generally? Did choices made on the road from plan to market shape the ability of affected countries to recover from the crisis? What structural reforms do transition countries need to undertake to address the most binding constraints to growth in a world where financial markets have become more discriminating and where capital flows to transition and developing countries are likely to be considerably lower than before the crisis? This report is structured as follows: chapter one of the book analyses how countries fell into recession and crisis, why not all of them were equally affected, and whether different policies could have positioned them better to face the crisis. Chapter two discusses rescue and stabilization and the role of international collective action. The next two chapters focus on policies for recovery, chapter three on restructuring bank, corporate and household debt and chapter four on scaling up social safety nets. Chapters five and six focus on reform, examining the binding constraints to growth and the policy agenda in the most important sectors identified by that analysis.
eBook
Economic Change and the National Question in Twentieth-Century Europe
The authors in this collection of essays, first published in 2000, address the largely neglected but significant economic aspects of the national question in its historical context during the course of the twentieth century. There exists a large gap in our understanding of the historical relationship between the 'national question' and economic change. Above all, there is insufficient knowledge about the economic dimension of the historical experience with regard to the former multi-national states, such as the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia; and equally too little is known about the economic component of national tensions and conflicts in bilingual Belgium or Finland, or the multilingual Spain or Switzerland. At the same time as emphasis is placed on the complex relationships between the economy and society in individual European countries, questions of state, identity, language, religion and racism as instruments of economic furtherance are at the centre of the contributors' attention.
eBook
Money and trade wars in interwar Europe
\"'At a time when many observers are concerned about the danger of currency and economic wars, this scholarly account of the monetary and economic tensions of the troubled years from 1918 to 1939 is particularly welcome. While Alessandro Roselli rightly dismisses the simplistic notion that this history can \"dispense\" lessons to be applied by policy-makers today, a study of the period can nevertheless, as he states, \"contribute to a better understanding of current circumstances.\" The theme of the story, as Roselli tells it, is clear: how bilateralism and dirigisme in international financial relations emerged from the collapse of the universal gold standard, and how this poisoned international relations. After an enlightening account of the German hyperinflation and monetary stabilisation of the 1920s, the central chapters trace the growing nationalism of the following years, the resort to foreign exchange controls, and Germany's aggressive use of bilateral trade agreements as it sought to overcome the shortage of reserves and the burden of reparation payments. The book concludes with an account of the Nazis' plans for the economic and monetary future of Europe, and the wider world, after a German victory. These were based on key concepts that resonate to this day: the need for a multilateral clearing system in Europe, a re-ordering of international economic relations based on the priority to be given to \"goods\" over \"money and credit\" and a primary global role for a European currency - the Reichsmark - displacing the dollar and sterling. This book fills in some important gaps in our understanding of the history of the period.'- Robert Pringle, first director of the Group of 30, founder of Central Banking journal, and author of The Money Trap: Escaping the Grip of Global Finance\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Routledge History Handbook of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century
Challenges of Modernity offers a broad account of the social and economic history of Central and Eastern Europe in the twentieth century and asks critical questions about the structure and experience of modernity in different contexts and periods.
This volume focuses on central questions such as: How did the various aspects of modernity manifest themselves in the region, and what were their limits? How was the multifaceted transition from a mainly agrarian to an industrial and post-industrial society experienced and perceived by historical subjects? Did Central and Eastern Europe in fact approximate its dream of modernity in the twentieth century despite all the reversals, detours and third-way visions? Structured chronologically and taking a comparative approach, a range of international contributors combine a focus on the overarching problems of the region with a discussion of individual countries and societies, offering the reader a comprehensive, nuanced survey of the social and economic history of this complex region in the recent past.
The first in a four-volume set on Central and Eastern Europe in the twentieth century, it is the go-to resource for those interested in the ‘challenges of modernity’ faced by this dynamic region.
eBook
Europe since 1980
\"This book tells the dramatic story of the economic, social, political, and cultural transformation of Europe during the transition from the Cold War to European Union. Ivan Berend charts, in particular, the overwhelming impact of the collapse of communism on every aspect of European life. Europe became safer and more united, and central and eastern Europe started on the difficult road to economic modernization. However, the western half of Europe also changed. European integration gained momentum. The single market and the common currency were introduced, and the Union enlarged from nine to twenty-seven countries. This period also saw a revolution in information and communication technology, the increasing impact of globalization, and the radical restructuring of the political system. The book explores the impact of all of these changes as well as the new challenges posed by the economic crisis of 2008-9 and asks which way now for Europe?\"--Provided by publisher.
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